Antiseptinių medžiagų poveikis pieno bendram bakteriniam užterštumui ir somatinių ląstelių kitimui, sergančių karvių slaptuoju mastitu

Mastitis causes largest economic losses in dairy production. Sub-clinical mastitis is detected in 50% of lactating cows in Lithuania. Curing effect is transient if major causes and factors of mastitis are not eliminated. Prophylactic measures are directed to strengthen the immune system of the cow and to define and to eliminate all factors causing mastitis. Bacteria are present on skin of the teat in the surroundings. Use of antiseptics of cow teats before and after milking is the most effective preventive procedure that can prevent from new mastitis cases. Antiseptic solutions help to fight most opportunistic and contagious bacterial infections causing mastitis. Teat antiseptics can reduce mastitis incidence by 50 to 75 %. It is recommended to use antiseptic solutions for udder and teats, as they improve physical condition of the udder and milk quality. Agents for udder and teat antiseptics contain bactericidal, skin protecting components in aqueous solution. Bactericidal activity is defined to kill germs during chemical and biological reactions. Active ingredients are iodoforms, chlorhexidins, sodium hypochloride, sodium chloride, lactic acid, hypochloric acid, antimicrobial proteins and fatty acids. Teat dipping reduces bacterial milk contamination, and spreading of pathogens on the teats during the milking. For the present moment this procedure is also used in Europe. Spraying teats with two different concentrations of iodine solution before and after the milking effectively reduces skin contamination with staphylococcal and colliform bacteria. Action of pre-dip and post-dip is similar. The aim of our investigation was to evaluate the effectiveness of antiseptic materials used before and after milking on bulk milk bacterial contamination, somatic cell count and incidences of sub-clinical mastitis. We selected in farm No. 1, cows with 500 000 103/ml somatic cell count. In this farm antiseptic teat dipping was routinely used after milking. In this farm we also used disincentive wood shave for udder cleansing. Udders were cleansed before each milking using 5 to 10 g. disincentive wood shave soaked in water. No significant changes were observed after the use of this udder cleansing method. At the start of the experiment in Farm No. 1, total bacterial count was 57.33 ± 9.45 103/ml. and 7 days following the treatment decreased to 49.11 ± 9.45 103/ml. One month after the treatment total bacterial count was 43.67 ± 7.82 103/ml (p>0.5). These changes in were not statistically significant. Somatic cell count was 507.89 ± 47.40 103/ml. One month after the treatment somatic cell count was 199.33 ± 41.69 103/ml (p>0.1). These changes in were not statistically In farm No.2, no antiseptic substances were used before the experiment. Before each milking, udders were routinely cleaned with damp towels. At the start of the experiment, udders were cleansed with disincentive wood shave and teats were dipped following the milking. At the start of the experiment, the results were worse – total bacterial count increased, as well as somatic cell count. Microbial contamination of udder was higher at the start of the experiment, compared to the end. At the start of use of antiseptic substances, bacterial udder contamination significantly decreased, and this resulted in decreased milk bacterial contamination and milk somatic cell count. At the start of the experiment in Farm No. 1, total bacterial count was 46.33 ± 8.23 103/ml. and 7 days following the treatment decreased to 40.21 ± 7.33 103/ml. One month after the treatment total bacterial count was 35.24 ± 7.82 103/ml (p>0,5). These changes in were not statistically significant. Somatic cell count was 340.0 ± 36.93 103/ml. One month after the treatment somatic cell count was 122.17 ± 12.08 103/ml (p>0.1). These changes in were not statistically Wood shave was used for udder cleaning in the farm. Many farms use this cleaning method for the present time. It is very effective to remove rests of bedding and manure from the teats. It is enough 5 to 10 g. of wood shave to clean udder ant teats. The shave can also be soaked with antiseptic solution. One more advantage is that teat cleansing with wood shave more intensively stimulates milk let-down. We, however, did not observe an increase in milk production during our experiment, but this cleansing method had positive effect reducing bacterial contamination of udder. Analysis data shows that antiseptic materials must be used before and after the milking, because teat canal is open 30 min. after the milking.