Pacientų vaidmuo sveikatos priežiūroje

Abstract

Despite the fact that patients‘ participation has become an integral part of health care system in health problem solving, it is little known, however, about the preparation of society for these changes. Aim of the study – to evaluate patients‘ role in health care decision-making in primary health care system. Methods. Research instrumentation was developed by using descriptive-analytical method of literature analysis. 464 questionnaires returned out of 550 questionnaires provided. The frequency of response is 84.4 %. Independence of two features was examined by (2 chi-square test of independence. Spearman correlation coefficient was used to evaluate the level of dependence. The data were analyzed by SPSS 9.0 programme. Results. More than a half (56 %) of respondents, especially women (87.8 %) and respondents with university education (88.1 %) know the rights of patients. Respondents with university education (90.8 %) and medical workers (95 %) mostly know about The Act of Patients‘ Rights and Harm Recompense. According to patients, independently from sex, age etc., the most secured rights to health care are the following: to know diagnosis, methods of treatment, risk factors, the right to patients‘ inviolability of private life and confidentiality of health state. From the point of view of medical workers, the most secured rights to health are the following : the right to choose a doctor, a nurse, an institution of health care; the rigth to information about medical services given and possibility to use them; the right to know diagnosis, methods of treatment, risk factors; the right to refuse treatment, the right to patients‘ inviolability of private life and confidentiality of health state. Mostly women (97.4 %), respondents with university education (98.5 %) and medical workers (100 %) care about health care situation. Nearly half of respondents (49 %) especially senior in age (63.1 %) prefer the model of informing a patient. Respondents junior in age (53.2 %) prefer partnership model. During counselling time respondents are mostly interested in register in their case records, duration of treatment and prognosis. Patients having sufficient knowledge are moslty interested in the process of medical procedure, effect, risk and treatment plan, alternatives, risk. Information about disease prevention and health promotion is mostly found on the Internet or medical books by active patients. Conclusions 1. Respondents with university education, women and medical workers are mostly aware of the possibility to participate in health care. 2. Though patients are active in participation in health care, the role of a patient communicating with a doctor is mostly seen as passive cooperation. Such point of view reduces the possibility of patients to be active and equal partners. 3. Patients with sufficient knowledge are prone to take care of health care situation, the state of health and consider their state of health more positive. According to active patients, the most secured rights are the following: to know diagnosis, methods of treatment, risk factors, to know information about health care services and possibility to use them.