Lietuvos sveikatos mokslų universiteto ir Dublin City University studentų mitybos ypatumai
Judickas, Tomas |
Matulienė, Laima |
Malakauskas, Mindaugas | |
Darbo tikslas. Įvertinti ir palyginti Lietuvos sveikatos mokslų universiteto (LSMU) ir Dublin City University (DCU) studentų mitybos ypatumus Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Įvertinti ir palyginti LSMU ir DCU studentų mitybos ypatumus. 2. Įvertinti LSMU ir DCU studentų mitybą lyginant su rekomenduojamais racionalios mitybos standartais. 3. Įvertinti LSMU ir DCU studentų sveikatos būklės priklausomybę nuo jų mitybos įpročių. Tyrimo metodika. Vykdydami tyrimą analizavome Lietuvos ir Airijos visų kursų bei programų studentų, besimokančių Lietuvos sveikatos mokslų universitete (LSMU) ir Dublin City University (DCU), mitybą. Anoniminį klausimyną (anketą) sudarėme remiantis tarptautiniu sveikos gyvensenos klausimynu (Finbalt Health Monitor, HBSC 2001, HBSC 2006). Klausimyną (anketą) sudarė 21 klausimas. Iš apklaustų 298 LSMU studentų, iš kurių teisingai ir iki galo anketas užpildė 282, t.y. 94,6 proc. Ir 193 iš Dublin City University (DCU) iš kurių teisingai ir iki galo anketas užpildė 177, t.y. 91,7 proc. Tyrimo duomenų analizė buvo atlikta naudojant statistinį paketą SPSS (Statical Pacage for Social Sience) 17.0 for Windows versiją ir ,,Microsoft Excel 2010“ programą. Pateikiant rezultatus nurodomas statistinių hipotezių patikimumas naudojant χ2 (chi kvadrat) kriterijų. Chi-kvadrato testo kriterijaus p-reikšmė pagal Pirsono formulę (Pearson Chi-Square) viršija reikšmingumo lygmenį 0,05 (p<0,05- reikšmingas). Išvados:
- Daugiau kaip pusė visų respondentų (vidutiniškai 59 proc.) maitinasi 3-4 kartus per dieną, bet sveikesni mitybos įpročiai dominavo LSMU studentų grupėse. Jų mityba buvo reguliaresnė (47,8 proc., DCU – 42,4 proc.), dažniau valgė pusryčius (57 proc., DCU – 43,7 proc.), dažniau rinkosi augalinį aliejų (78,9 proc., DCU – 56,4 proc.) ir domėjosi maisto produktų sudėtimi (38,5 proc., DCU – 18,7 proc.) Tačiau papildų vartojimas populiaresnis buvo DCU studentų grupėje (49 proc., LSMU – 32,4 proc.).
- Studentų mityba neracionali. LSMU studentai, nepakankamai dažnai vartojo grūdinės kultūros produktų (38,9 proc., DCU - 25,1 proc.), daržovių ir vaisių (34,6 proc., DCU - 18,7 proc.), pieno ir jo produktų (32,6 proc., DCU - 23 proc.), mėsos gaminių (37,2 proc., DCU – 22,9 proc.), DCU studentų grupėje situacija dar prastesnė, tačiau jie dažniau valgė žuvį bei jos gaminius (22,9 proc., LSMU – 6,7 proc.). Racionalios mitybos rekomendacijose rečiau vartotinus maisto produktus dažniau rinkosi DCU respondentai (21,9 proc., LSMU – 12,5 proc.).
- LSMU studentai savo sveikatą vertino geriau (62,3 proc., DCU – 52,4 proc.) ir buvo ja patenkinti dažniau (76,5 proc., DCU – 51,9 proc.). Nors jie dažniau patytė stresą (63,1 proc., DCU – 47,1 proc.), tačiau skrandžio skausmais ir rėmens graužimu dažniau skundėsi DCU respondentai (23,8 proc., LSMU – 7,1 proc.). Dietos dažniau laikėsi taip pat DCU studentai (28,8 proc., LSMU – 10,4 proc.), tačiau sumažinti kūno svorį pavyko sunkiau (8,4 proc., LSMU - 36,6 proc.).
Objective. To evaluate and compare the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences (LUHS) and Dublin City University (DCU) student nutrition habits. The Goals: 1. To evaluate and compare LUHS DCU students and feeding habits. 2. Compare LUHS and DCU students nutrition with the nutrition recommended by rational standards. 3. Evaluate LUHS and DCU students health condition dependence on eating habits. Methods. In this project there was an analysis made of eating habits of all Lithuanian and Irish students studying in LUHS and DCU. Anonymous questionnaire was made using international healthy lifestyle questionnaire (Finbalt Health Monitor, HBSC 2001 HBSC 2006). The questionnaire consisted of 21 questions. There were 298 respondents from LUHS of which 282 (94.6 %) completed the form correctly and 193 respondents from DCU of which 177 (91.7%) completed the form correctly. Data analysis was performed using the statistical package SPSS (Statical pacages for Social Sience) for Windows version 17.0 and Microsoft Excel 2010 program. The results of the statistical reliability of the hypotheses presented using the χ2 (chi-square) criteria. Chi-square test p-value from the Pearson formula (Pearson Chi-Square) is higher than the significance level of 0,05 (p<0,05 - significant). Results. Comparing the frequency of meals daily results showed that the majority of both university students eat 3-4 times a day (female group: LUHS - 61,7 %, DCU - 53,6 % and male group: LUHS - 65,9 %, DCU - 54,8 %). LUHS females (61,7 %) have a breakfast more often than female students from DCU (35,7 %) - a statistical significance level p<0,05. While males group in LUHS (52,3 %) and DCU (51,6 %) breakfast eating habits are similar. Both male and female university students eating regularity differed slightly, however 20,5 % of LUHS and 35,5 % of DCU respondents claimed that their nutrition was irregular. There was statistically significant relationship (p<0,05) found that females (85,1 %) and males (72,7 %) in LUHS chose vegetable oil more often than their colleagues in the DCU (females – 64,3 %, males – 48,4 %). Received statistically significant relationship (p<0,05) that food supplements are more often used by DCU students (females – 46,4 %, males – 51,6 %). LUHS student males (32,9 %) and females (30,9 %) more often pay attention to product price when making a choice - a statistical significance level p<0,05. While DCU students pay less attention to product price (female – 17,9 %, male – 21,8 %). The analysis of the data statistically reliably (p<0,05) indicates that DCU students have less of recommended foods in their ration than LUHS male and female students. There was also found statistically significant difference (p<0,05) that LUHS students more often on daily basis eat cereals products, fruits or vegetables. Fish and its products significantly reliably (p<0,05) were eatten more often in both groups of DCU students. The analysis of the data statistically reliably (p<0,05) indicates that most of females in LUHS (62,8 %) and DCU (50 %) appreciates but does not comply with healthy eating principles in their everyday life. 5,3 % of female in LUHS has a neutral opinion on this issue, while the females of DCU statistically reliably (p<0,05) more often (17,9 %) picked the answer that healthy diet was not interesting for them. There was no statistically significant differences of attitude to nutrition detected in the males group. Significant data shows that the females of DCU took a diet twice as often (28,6 %) as LUHS females (11,7 %), although they were not so successful in reducing a body weight (7,1 %) (p<0.05). To reduce body weight significantly succeeded 47,7 % (p<0,05) of LUHS males while only 9,7 % (p<0,05) of DCU males made it. As many as 67 % of LUHS females experienced stress or similar nervous pressure (p<0,05) in the last month while DCU females statistically reliably (p<0,05) more often claimed that they had no stress or similar nervous pressure (60,7 %). The data picked in the males group was similar although no significant differences detected. Statistically reliable relation (p<0,05) detected in both male (LUHS – 4,5 %, DCU – 22,6 %) and female (LUHS – 9,6 %, DCU – 25 %) groups that students claimed they suffered stomach-ache at least once a week. Data shows that LUHS students had less stomach problems than DCU students. More than half LUHS (56,5 %) and DCU (50 %) females indicated their health as good, although significant differences were not found. There were statistically reliably (p<0,05) more LUHS males (68,2 %) than DCU males (54,8 %) indicating their health as a good. All respondents from LUHS complained less about their health than DCU respondents. Conclusion:
- More than half of all respondents (approximately 59 %) eat 3-4 times a day, however the healthier eating habits dominate among LUHS student groups. Their nutrition was more regular (47,8 %, while DCU – 42,4 %), they had breakfast more regularly (57 %, while DCU – 43,7 %), they more often used vegetable oil (87,9 %, while DCU – 56,4 %) and paid more attention to nutrition information (38,5 %, while DCU – 18,7 %).
- Students’ nutrition is irregular. LUHS students not often enough take cereals products (38,9 proc., DCU - 25,1 %), vegetables and fruits (34,6 %, DCU - 18,7 %), milk and dairy products (32,6 %, DCU – 23 %), meat products (37,2 %, DCU - 22,9 %). DCU student group the situation is worse, although they often ate fish and its products (22,9 %, while LUHS - 6,7 %). DCU respondents more often consumed products that are not recommended by rational nutrition guidelines (21,9 %, while LUHS - 12,5 %).
- LUHS students rate their health better than DCU students (LUHS – 62,3 %, while DCU – 52,4 %) and also they are more satisfied by their health than DCU students (76,5 %, while DCU – 51,9 %). Even though LUHS students experienced more stress (63,1 %, DCU – 47,1 %), DCU respondents indicated stomach-ache more often (23,8 %, while LUHS – 7,1 %). Nutrition diets were more often taken among DCU students (28,8 %, while LUHS – 10,4 %), however less DCU students managed to reduce their body weight (8,4 %, while LUHS - 36,6 %).