Kubiliūtė, Vesta

Background: Allergic diseases are increasing in many developed countries, and it has been observed that people living in cities are more prone to allergic diseases than those living in rural areas.Allergic diseases affect not only the physical and psychological health of a person but also the quality of life. The aim of this study is to evaluate self-reported allergies' prevalence and quality of life among medical students at the Lithuanian University of Health Sciences. Method: A self-administered anonymous questionnaire was distributed to and answered by 361 medical students in Lithuanian University of Health Sciences. SPSS was used for statistical analysis.The significance level was set at p < 0,05.Results: Study included 361 respondents: 301 (83.4%) of them were women, and 60 (16.6%) men. 288 (79.8%) were from rural areas and 73 (20.2 %) were from urban areas. 153 (42.4%) suspect themselves of sensitization to at least one allergen. 116 (32,1%) respondents assume that they have an allergy to dust mites, 100 (27,7%) to pol-len, 62 (17,2%) to pets, 54 (15%) to moulds, 25 (6,9%) to drugs, 114(31,6%) to food, 83 (23%) to contact allergens. Among food allergies, a statistically significant number of people indicated that they suspected an allergy to dairy products, p < 0.001. Significantly more women believe they are allergic to food (p = 0.002) and contact al-lergens (p = 0.022). Statistically significantly more respondents who are assumed to be allergic to pollen and contact allergens come from urban areas (p = 0.016; p = 0.006). The quality of life decreased for those who were assumed to be allergic to inhaled allergens, food,and contact allergens (p < 0.05). These patients complained of restrictions on daily activities, sleep disorders, fatigue during the day,emotional state disorders and worsened relationships with family members. Conclusion: Most respondents in this study believe they are allergic to dust mites, food, and pollen. Statistically, significantly more respondents who are assumed to be allergic to pollen and contact allergens come from urban areas. Allergic diseases have a significant impact on patient's quality of life. Choosing the right treatment for allergic diseases might improve physical well-being and the patient's quality of life.

PGR tyrimas šiuo metu laikomas pagrindiniu COVID-19 susirgimo diagnostikos metodu. Visuomenėje savidiagnostikai naudojamas greitasis COVID-19 antigeno testas, o antikūnų tyrimas atliekamas norint įvertinti buvusį susirgimą arba vakcinaciją nuo COVID-19. Jei reikia, atliekama krūtinės ląstos kompiuterinė tomografija, įvertinamas neutrofilų-limfocitų santykis, klinika. Nors yra nemažai šio susirgimo diagnostikos metodų, tačiau kiekvienas iš jų turi savo privalumų ir trūkumų, todėl ieškoma inovatyvių sprendimų, kurie padėtų suvaldyti viruso plitimą. Tyrimo tikslas − išanalizuoti mokslinę literatūrą apie COVID-19 diagnostikos iššūkius. Metodika. Atlikta mokslinės literatūros anglų kalba apžvalga ir analizė. Straipsnių paieška vykdyta PubMed, UpToDate ir ClinicalKey duomenų bazėse. Atrinktos ir išanalizuotos 25 publikacijos. Rezultatai. Rasta nemažai COVID-19 diagnostikos metodų. PGR yra pagrindinis tyrimas, jo jautrumas labai priklauso nuo taikomo PGR tipo, protokolo, reagentų tiekėjo bei praėjusio laiko nuo simptomų pradžios. Pravartu žinoti kitas diagnostikos galimybes, kurias reikėtų derinti su PGR tyrimu. Nustatyti diagnozę gali padėti pasireiškiantys simptomai ar greitieji antigeno testai. Antikūnų nustatymo tyrimas nurodo persirgimą šiuo virusu. Uždegiminių biožymenų ir krūtinės ląstos kompiuterinės tomografijos vertinimas gali padėti diagnozuoti ir įvertinti paciento prognozę. Analizuojant uždegiminius biožymenis, galima vertinti neutrofilų-limfocitų santykį. Kiekvienas tyrimo metodas turi savų ypatybių, todėl diagnozuojant COVID-19 susirgimą, reikia tyrimus vertinti kompleksiškai. Išvados. PGR yra pagrindinis tyrimas. Jo jautrumas priklauso nuo taikomo PGR tipo, protokolo, reagentų tiekėjo bei laiko nuo simptomų pradžios. Yra ir daugiau diagnostikos galimybių, kurias reikėtų derinti su PGR tyrimu. Reikia vertinti simptomus ir greituosius antigeno testus, tinkamus populiacijai, antikūnų testus (tinkamus įvertinti persirgimą), krūtinės ląstos kompiuterinės tomografijos vaizdų analizę ar uždegiminių biožymenų pokyčius, tokius kaip neutrofilų-limfocitų santykis, kuris padeda įtarti susirgimą ir įvertinti paciento prognozę. Dabartiniu laikotarpiu vienas svarbiausių aspektų, padedančių suvaldyti pandemiją, yra kompleksinis požiūris į diagnostiką.

Introduction Asthma is the most common chronic respiratory illness that affects more than 300 millionpeople worldwide [1,2]. Symptoms are non-specific, but the most common ones include wheezing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, and cough [3,4]. Difficulties with self- management are associated with reduced quality of life [5]. Aim To evaluate if asthma symptoms have association on quality of life among LUHS students. Methods The study was approved by the Kaunas regional biomedical research ethics committee (No. BEC-MF-335). There were 361 study participants aged between 19-41 who completed a self-administered anonymous questionnaire, which consisted of questions about gender, age, asthma symptoms and quality of life (5 questions: current wellbeing, restriction of daily activities, sleep disorders, fatigue during the day, emotional state). 24 (6.6%, p=<0,001, x2=271,38) of participants had a confirmed diagnosis of asthma. 337 (93,4%, p=<0,001, χ2 = 271,38) of participants had not confirmed diagnosis of asthma. Research objectives χ2 criteria was used. The results are statistically reliable when p<0.05. The statistical analysis was performed by using Microsoft Excel and statistical software SPSS 17.0. Results Among confirmed diagnosis of asthma, there was a statistical significance between the respondents who selected their well-being as bad(n=1, 4,2%),responders who picked their well-being as great(0%). Among those without allergic asthma, there were statistically significantly more respondents who rated their health as excellent(n=45, 13.4%) than as poor(1, 0,3%). […].