Matulevičiūtė, Roberta

Tyrimo tikslas. Išanalizuoti mokslinę literatūrą ir aprašyti ašvagandos poveikį skydliaukės veiklai. Metodika. Atlikta mokslinės literatūros paieška „PubMed“ duomenų bazėje. Vartoti reikšminiai žodžiai ir jų deriniai: „Withania somnifera“, „ashwagandha“, „thyroid regulation", „thyroid disorders“, „hypothyroidism“, „hyperthyroidism“, „Hashimoto’s thyroiditis“, „endocrine modulation". Literatūros analizei atrinkti straipsniai, atitikę įtraukimo kriterijus: 2015-2025 m. anglų kalba publikuoti straipsniai, kuriuose analizuojama ašvagandos cheminė sudėtis, farmakologinis poveikis, veikimo mechanizmas ir poveikis skydliaukės veiklai, taip pat prieinamas visas straipsnio tekstas. Rezultatai. Ašvaganda gali daryti skirtingą poveikį skydliaukės funkcijai. Nustatyta, kad sveikiems asmenims ašvagandos vartojimas gali sukelti grįžtamąją tirotoksikozę, kuri normalizuojasi nustojus vartoti papildą. Hipotiroze sergantiems pacientams ašvagandos vartojimas gali padėti pagerinti TSH, T3 ir T4 rodiklius bei hormonų pusiausvyrą, o nepageidaujamos reakcijos nustatomos retai. Hašimoto tiroiditu sergančiam asmeniui ašvagandos vartojimas sukėlė grįžtamus tirotoksikozės simptomus. Išvados. Ašvaganda gali būti naudinga hipotiroze sergantiems pacientams, tačiau sveikiems arba autoimuninėmis ligomis sergantiems pacientams ji gali sukelti nepageidaujamas reakcijas. Duomenų apie jos poveikį hipertiroze sergantiems pacientams nepakanka, todėl reikalingi papildomi tyrimai. Siekiant išvengti galimų komplikacijų, svarbu stebėti skydliaukės funkciją ir įvertinti maisto papildų vartojimą.

INTRODUCTION Major depressive disorder affects 332 million people globally, with one-third progressing to treatment-resistant depression (TRD), defined as failing to respond to at least two adequate antidepressant trials [1, 2]. Despite the availability of numerous antidepressants, the need for alternative treatment approaches for individuals with TRD remains [3]. AIM The aim of this literature review is to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of psilocybin as an alternative treatment for treatmentresistant depression. METHODS & MATERIALS A systematic review was performed following PRISMA guidelines, analyzing 9 studies sourced from the PubMed database. The following keywords were used: “psilocybin” and “treatment-resistant depression” . Studies published between 2022 and 2025 that met the selection criteria were retrieved and reviewed. DISCUSSION The analysis of 9 studies demonstrates that psilocybin combined with psychological support provides rapid and sustained antidepressant efficacy for TRD. The pivotal phase II randomized controlled trial (N=233), a single 25 mg dose, achieved a significant reduction in MADRS scores (-12.0) versus a 1 mg control (-5.4) at week three [4, 5]. Remission and response rates for the 25 mg cohort were 29% and 37%, respectively [6, 7]. Antidepressant effects were reported as early as day two [3]. Furthermore, open-label trials in severe TRD recorded substantial MADRS improvements (-15.8) maintained until week 12 [8]. The safety profile remains favorable; common adverse events included transient headaches (up to 50%) and nausea (4%–22%) [9, 10]. Although serious adverse events such as suicidal ideation were observed in some cohorts, rates were not significantly different across dosage groups [7]. Notably, all findings were contingent upon structured psychological support, which remains integral to the therapeutic model [11]. CONCLUSION Psilocybin provides rapid, significant antidepressant effects for TRD with a manageable safety profile. Integration of structured psychological support is essential for achieving sustained clinical remission in treatment-resistant cases.

Introduction Organic depression refers to a depressive syndrome meeting diagnostic criteria for depressive disorders that develops secondary to a medical condition rather than as a psychological response to illness [1]. Cardiovascular pathologies, including myocardial infarction (MI), are strongly associated with depressive disorders, affecting approximately 20–40% of patients [2]. Case Presentation This case presents a 58-year-old man with recurrent depressive episodes since 2008, characterized by exhaustion, low mood, and impaired occupational functioning. He was treated on an outpatient basis but received no regular psychiatric medication during the 10 years preceding 2023. In 2023, he experienced a MI with significant functional decline and worsening depressive symptoms, including persistent low mood, fatigue, self-devaluation, insomnia, and slowed thinking. Between 2023 and 2025, was diagnosed with organic depression and required seven psychiatric hospitalizations due to relapses. During the most recent admission, pharmacological management with venlafaxine, mirtazapine and aripiprazole was continued based on partial prior response and tolerability. Venlafaxine was increased to optimize antidepressant response, and aripiprazole was maintained as augmentation. Discussion Depressive states emerging after MI are linked to increased overall mortality, and a greater likelihood of subsequent MI [3]. Inflammatory pathways are implicated in this association, prompting interest in adjunctive anti-inflammatory therapeutic strategies, such as omega 3 fatty acids, herbal compounds, probiotic supplementation. [4, 5]. Paroxetine may exert beneficial effects on cardiac function, including attenuation of myocardial fibrosis and improvement of ventricular performance [6]. Integrating anti-inflammatory approaches with conventional antidepressant treatment may support both psychological recovery and cardiovascular stability. Conclusions This case illustrates a shift toward persistent and difficult-to-treat depression after myocardial infarction, highlighting the importance of re-evaluating depressive features and therapeutic approaches in the context of major somatic events.

Šizofrenija, vienas iš sunkiausių psichikos sutrikimų, diagnozuojamas maždaug 1 iš 300 žmonių visame pasaulyje. Paranoidinė šizofrenija yra dažniausias šios ligos tipas, pasižymintis haliucinacijomis, kliedesiais ir kognityviniais sutrikimais. Manoma, kad šizofrenijos išsivystymą lemia genetinių veiksnių ir aplinkos sąveika. Naujausi tyrimai taip pat rodo ryšį tarp marihuanos vartojimo ir šios patologijos atsiradimo. Šizofrenija dažniau pasireiškia vyrams, o jos simptomai dažniausiai išryškėja vėlyvoje paauglystėje. Be tinkamo gydymo ir priežiūros, liga labai sunkina kasdienį paciento gyvenimą. Pateiktame klinikiniame atvejyje pristatoma 22 metų vyro paranoidinė šizofrenija, kurią sunkina intelekto negalia. Tai pabrėžia personalizuoto gydymo svarbą.

Šiame tyrime analizuojama plačiai paplitusių ligų, tokių kaip gripas, COVID-19 ir ūminės viršutinių kvėpavimo takų infekcijos, keliama grėsmė visuomenės sveikatai gripo sezono laikotarpiu. Dėl panašios simptomatikos būtina tiksli diagnostika, siekiant identifikuoti konkrečius sukėlėjus ir išvengti komplikacijų. Tyrimo tikslas. Nustatyti, kurie virusiniai patogenai vyrauja tarp Kauno klinikų Šeimos medicinos klinikos pacientų, ir išanalizuoti jų pasiskirstymo tendencijas. Metodai. Tyrime dalyvavo 154 pacientai, kuriems atlikti RT-PGR tyrimai. Rezultatai. Dažniausiai nustatomas gripo A virusas (34 proc.), o SARS-CoV-2 aptiktas 20 proc. pacientų; gripo B virusas nebuvo nustatytas.

Introduction: Globally, schizophrenia is diagnosed in 1 in 300 people (0.32%), so it is not as common as many other mental disorders. Additionally, people with intellectual disabilities (ID) have been found to be more likely to suffer from schizophrenia spectrum disorders than the population with normal IQ. Each manifestation of this dual diagnosis of paranoid schizophrenia and ID is unique, and this case report aims to highlight the clinical picture of it and the critical role of monitoring the conditions and making appropriate treatment adjustments to optimize patient outcomes.