Analysis of salvia officinalis L. essential oil composition and anatomical properties during vegetation cycle

Abstract

Introduction. Salvia officinalis L.(Sage) is a perennial shrub in the Lamiaceae family, which is native to Mediterranean and Middle East areas. Preparations of S. officinalis leaves are used in traditional medicine to treat heartburn, bloating, inflammations of skin and upper respiratory tract and excessive perspiration. Many of these health beneficial features of Sage are attributed to various compounds of its essential oil. Chemical composition of S. officinalis essential oil tend to vary depending on season, climatic conditions, plant part and site of plant growth. The main anatomical features of sage leaves are glandular hairs and stomata. Stomatal conductance and density are important parameters for the rate of photosynthesis and plant metabolism. Aim. Determine the relationship between different essential oil coumpounds content and stomatal density in S. officinalis leaves during vegetation. Methods. Essential oil analysis: dried material (leaves) was subjected to hydrodistillation using Clevenger type apparatus, according to method, described in European Pharmacopoeia (01/2015:1370). Pure essential oil was diluted with heptane before analysis (dilution ratio 1:200). GCMS-QP2010 (Shimadzu, Japan) gas chromatograph with mass spectrometer and RTX-5MS (Restek, USA) column was used for analysis. Mobile phase – helium (99,999%), flow rate – 1.7 mL/min. The measurements of stomata density were made using a microscope „OLYMPUS CX21“, connected to digital camera“ BMS Microscope Camera 5.0 Mp“ and computer program. Dried material was softened with 10% NaOH solution before microscopy. Results were statistically processed using SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) software for Windows 20.0., correlation coefficients were calculated. [...].