J. Baltrušaičio ir G. Papini’io prometėjiškos pasaulėjautos aspektai

Abstract

Prometėjizmas – viena pamatinių XIX a. pabaigos – XX a. pradžios Europos simbo lizmo kategorijų. Jurgio Baltrušaičio ir Giovanni’io Papini’io kūrybą vienija prome tėjiška pasaulėjauta, abiem kūrėjams būdingas politinis jos aspektas. J. Baltrušaičio prometėjiška pasaulėjauta remiasi Vladimiro Solovjovo filosofija, teigiančia, kad „dievažmogis“ yra žmogiškumo ir dieviškumo sintezė, o G. Papini’io – Friedricho Nietzsche’ės „antžmogio“ kaip absoliučios kategorijos, žmogaus, tapusio Dievu, idė ja. Prometėjiškos mitologemos raida ir transformacija lėmė abiejų kūrėjų kūrybos ir tapatybės pokyčius. The object of the paper is Prometheism in Baltrušaitis’s and Papini’s epistolary leg acy (letters in Italian that Baltrušaitis wrote to Papini, 153 of which are stored in the Manuscripts Department of the National Library of Russia and in Papini’s archive in Fiesole, Italy) and in the creative work of both authors that was published at the end of the nineteenth century and at the beginning of the twentieth century in the Russian and Italian periodical press and in collections of poetry and prose. Baltrušaitis and Papini had a common viewpoint on creative work: it was Prometheism. Its ideologi cal grounds, however, were different: philosophical conceptions of Solovyov’s “God man” and Nietzsche’s “superhuman”. Baltrušaitis’s Promethean viewpoint is based on the philosophy of Solovyov, according to which “God man” is a synthesis of human ity and divinity, whereas Papini’s Promethean viewpoint refers to Nietzsche’s idea of the “superhuman” as an absolute category, a man who became God. Connections between Baltrušaitis’s and Papini’s Prometheism, political attitudes of both authors, and the differences in these attitudes were determined by diverse philosophical fun damentals of Russian and Italian Prometheism.