Biologically active substances in bone morphogenesis. Literature review

Abstract

Objectives. Understanding the mechanisms of bone morphogenesis is essential in solving problems related to reconstruction of bone defects. In a field of bone morphogenesis enormous array of biologically active substances have been proved as having more or less influence on bone growth, but no ideal guiding path for a new bone formation has been established yet. Therefore, bone tissue engineering, based on the laws of osteogenesis, becomes a significant niche for investigation. The aim of this article is to review recent scientific information concerning the role of bio substances in osteogenesis, their potentials in and future prospects. Material and methods. Medline library database was searched, focusing on stem cells, osteoblast differentiation, bone growth factors and bone tissue engineering. Limits were review, research support. A quality assessment was carried out. Results. A total of 62 articles matching our criteria were found: 19 reviews summarizing topics of growth factors, stem cells, tissue engineering and 43 articles representing studies of growth factors impact in osteoblast differentiation, bone regeneration and bone engineering. Conclusions. The interactions among growth factors in osteoblast differentiation cascade are not fully understood. Moreover, methods of conversion of laboratory processes into clinically effective, reproducible, safe, economically viable and competitive products need to be improved.