Long COVID syndrome in children: A continuous follow-up program

Abstract

Backgrounds: Children who have contracted COVID are at risk of experiencing a variety of long-lasting symptoms collectively known as prolonged COVID syndrome. According to world data, about 30% of children infected with SARS-CoV-2 will experience certain symptoms. In this study, we aimed to create a continuous follow-up program for children after COVID infection. Moreover, our aim was to improve longterm periodic communication with the patient's parents to discuss her/his condition and timely recognize the signs of prolonged COVID. In addition, provide individualized assistance, monitoring of the patient and symptoms, assessment of the persistence of symptoms, and provide specific treatment. Methods: Continuous follow-up program in the frame of a prospective observational study was created and is conducted in our hospital. The program started in March 2022. Criteria for the inclusion: 1 month up to 18 years of age, diagnosed with COVID-19, or have been diagnosed with MIS-C syndrome according to the clinical criteria. After the inclusion, in a period of one year, 5 medical assessments of the state of health are planned to be carried out. In case of specific symptoms, a patient is referred to a specialist. Results: Currently, ~40 children with their caregivers are included into the program. The median age for inclusion – 9y, 42%-female. Nine children required additional consultation with a pediatric neurologist with the most frequent complaint of headaches. 4 children have ongoing consultations with a psychiatrist and continuous visits are planned. Six children were referred to a pediatric rheumatologist complaining of prolonged joint aches and the assessment regarding autoimmune diseases is ongoing. Conclusions/Learning Points: Our further plans are to collect more data and analyze the symptoms and signs according to age and gender.