Comparison of vaginal birth outcomes in midwifery-led versus physician-led setting: A propensity score-matched analysis

Abstract

Background ‒ Experts in many countries are recommending a scaling up midwifery-led care as a model to improve maternal and newborn outcomes, reduce rates of unnecessary interventions, realise cost savings, and facilitate normal spontaneous vaginal birth. Objective ‒ The aim of this study was to compare midwifery- led and obstetrician-gynaecologist-led care-related vaginal birth outcomes. Participants ‒ Pregnant women in Kaunas city maternity care facilities. Methods ‒ A propensity score-matched case–control study of midwifery-led versus physician-led low-risk birth outcomes. Patient characteristics and outcomes were compared between the groups. Continuous variables are presented as mean ± standard deviation and analysed using the Mann–Whitney U test. Categorical and binary variables are presented as frequency (percentage), and differences were analysed using the chi-square test. Analyses were conducted separately for the unmatched (before propensity score matched [PSM]) and matched (after PSM) groups.Results ‒ After adjusting groups for propensity score, postpartum haemorrhage differences between physicianled and midwifery-led labours were significantly different (169.5 and 152.6mL; p = 0.026), same for hospital stay duration (3.3 and 3.1 days, p = 0.042). Also, in matched population, significant differences were seen for episiotomy rates (chi2 = 4.8; p = 0.029), newbornApgar 5min score (9.58 and 9.76; p = 0.002), and pain relief (chi2 = 14.9; p = 0.002). Significant differences were seen in unmatched but not confirmed in matched population for obstetrical procedures used during labour, breastfeeding, birth induction, newborn Apgar 1 min scores, and successful vaginal birth as an overall spontaneous vaginal birth success measure. Conclusion ‒ The midwifery-led care model showed significant differences from the physician-led care model in episiotomy rates, hospital stay duration and postpartum haemorrhage, and newborn Apgar 5 min [....].