Changes in the Innervation of the Sinoatrial node due to Arterial Hypertension
Ranjan, Ashvin |
Recenzentas / Reviewer | |
Komisijos pirmininkas / Committee Chairman | |
Komisijos narys / Committee Member | |
Komisijos narys / Committee Member |
Arterial hypertension is a common chronic condition that affects millions of people worldwide and is associated with heart dysfunction and the development of cardiac arrhythmias. This study investigates the impact of hypertension on the innervation of the Sinoatrial node (SAN) – the natural pacemaker of the heart.
In this study, rats were used as experimental models for the human cardiovascular system in order to simulate how a hypertensive. Rats were selected because they are commercially viable and exhibit all five characteristics for the ideal model for human disease. Rats with normal blood pressure served as a control group, whereas selectively inbred hypertensive rats were used as the experimental group. The rats were euthanised and the atria were dissected and prepared into slides to visualise the SA node under the microscope at 20x magnification.
This research provides evidence of a positive correlation between hypertension and changes within the innervation of the SAN. Three types of neuro markers – Cholinergic acetyltransferase, Tyrosine hydroxylase and Calcitonin Gene-related peptide – were examined via different staining methods and each marker was compared. All markers showed some level of positive or negative change but the hypertensive group showed an overall increase in innervation. The SAN was split into three different sections – Head, body and tail; and each section was analysed individually to see how each part is affected differently. The head of the SAN showed the most change whereas the other parts decreased in innervation. Structures surrounding the SAN were also analyzed in this study. Innervation of the right auricle, Left Dorsal Sub plexus as well as Pulmonary veins were examined. Overall results showed that sensory neurons become more densely innervated in the right auricle in the hypertensive group whereas cholinergic and adrenergic neuron innervation is diminished.
Overall, this paper aims to further the research on the dangers of hypertension on one of the most important structures in the Human body – the SAN. The experimentation revealed that the hypertensive groups indicate a higher innervation density of the SAN whereas the surrounding structures only showed increase in one neuromarker.
Šiame tyrime analizuojama, kaip arterinė hipertenzija įtakoja sinusio prieširdžio (SA) mazgo inervacijos pokyčius. Kasmet nuo arterinės hipoertenzijos miršta apie 10 milijonų žmonių ir ši liga yra itins paplitusi. Šiam tyrimui buvo naudojamos žiurkės kaip eksperimentiniai žmogaus širdies ir kraujagyslių sistemos modeliai. Žiurkės buvo pasirinktos, kadangi jos pasižymi visomis penkiomis idealaus žmogaus ligos modelio charakteristikomis ir yra ekonomiškai patogus modelis. Žiurkės, kurių kraujospūdis normalus, buvo kontrolinė grupė, o hipertenzinės žiurkės buvo naudojamos kaip eksperimentinė grupė. Po gygunų eutanzijos širdys buvo išimtos ir prieširdžiai atskiti nuo likusios širdies ir paruosti mikroskopinei analizei, tirti SA ir kitas prieširdžių sritis. Šis tyrimas parodė, kad arterinė hipertenzija turėjo įtaką SA inervacijos padidėjimui.