Evaluating clinical efficacy and complication management in additively manufactured subperiosteal implants: literature review

Abstract

Subperiosteal implants are a practical option for patients with significant bone atrophy for whom traditional dental implants are not viable. Recent advances in additive manufacturing (AM) have made it possible to design exact, patient-specific implants that reduce complications and improve outcomes. This systematic review evaluates the clinical success and postoperative complications associated with AM subperiosteal implants. The PubMed and Cochrane Library databases were searched for studies published from January 2019 to January 2024. Keywords included “additively manufactured subperiosteal implants" and "3D printed implants". The review included randomized controlled trials, non-randomized trials, and observational studies. Quality assessment was performed using the Downs and Black checklist to ensure the reliability of the included studies. Out of 235 initial records, four studies were selected for the final analysis, involving 60 patients who received AM subperiosteal implants. Complication rates varied from 6.25% to 30%, with peri-implantitis being the most common issue. Nevertheless, the overall success rate of implants was high, with over 90% of cases achieving satisfactory outcomes. 3D imaging technology allowed for highly accurate implant fitting and reduced surgical time. AM subperiosteally implants significantly advance dental implantology, particularly for patients with complex bone conditions. While the results are promising, further long-term research must confirm their durability and success in a broader range of patients.