S100B and neuron specific enolase (NSE) serum levels value for predicting outcome of patients with traumatic brain injury

Abstract

Background and Goal of Study: Neuromarkers are easy and fast diagnostic method. However, their values of predicting outcome for patients after traumatic brain injury (TBI) are not fully clear.1,2 The aim of the study was to determine values of serum S100B and NSE for prediction of patient's outcome after TBI. Materials and Methods: A prospective study was held in Anaesthesiology clinic of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences. Serum of 44 TBI patients was analyzed for S100B and NSE. Neuromarkers were measured 4 times: 1) at hospital admission; 2) after 24 hours; 3) after 48 hours; 4) after 72 hours. Outcomes were assessed at hospital discharge and categorised according to the Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS). Nonparametric tests were used for statistical analysis at p ≤ 0.05. Approval of Regional bioethics committee was obtained before study initiation. Results: 44 patients were involved into the study. There were 9 women and 35 men and average age of them was 52 ± 18 years. Types of TBI were as follow: 23 subdural haematoma, 8 intracerebral haematoma, 5 epidural and 7 had composite brain damage. Average size of haematoma was 2 ± 0.93 cm. S100B and NSE serum levels decreased each day, but not statistically significantly (p ≥ 0.05). There was moderate statistically significant negative correlation between 24, 48 and 72 hours S100B serum levels and GOS (rs24 = 0.4; rs48 = 0.56; rs72 = 0.55, p ≤ 0.05). S100B hospital admission serum level did not correlate to GOS. 24 and 48 hours NSE serum levels correlated statistically significantly to GOS (rs24 = 0.42; rs48 = 0.61, p ≤ 0.05). NSE hospital admission and 72 hours serum levels did not correlate to GOS. Conclusion: S100B and NSE serum levels are related to patient's outcome after TBI. However, only 24, 48, 72 hours S100B and 24, 48 hours NSE serum levels are valuable for predicting patient's outcome after TBI.