Characteristics of essential oil composition in the needles of young Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) stands growing along an aerial ammonia gradient

Abstract

Tirta paprastosios pušies pirmamečių ir antramečių spyglių, surinktų azotinių trąšų gamyklos „Achema“ (Jonava) įtakos zonoje augančiuose jaunuolynuose, eterinių aliejų cheminė sudėtis. Spyglių mėginiai buvo surinkti 0,5–22 km atstumu nuo gamyklos. Hidrodistiliacijos būdu gauti eteriniai aliejai buvo analizuojami dujų chromatografijos/masių spektrometrijos metodu. Eterinio aliejaus išgava kito nuo 0,25 iki 0,47% pirmamečiuose ir nuo 0,25 iki 0,49% antramečiuose spygliuose. Monoterpeniniai angliavandeniliai vyravo visuose tirtuose aliejuose ir pirmamečiuose ir antramečiuose spygliuose sudarė atitinkamai 58,4– 72,4% ir 45,0–60,8%. Seskviterpeniniai angliavandeniliai sudarė 14,5–25,7% aliejaus pirmamečiuose ir 18,5–33,1% antramečiuose spygliuose. Content and composition of needle essential oils of young Scots pine stands (Pinus sylvestris L.) growing along an ammonia gradient (in the impact zone of a nitrogen fertilizer factory, JSC Achema, Jonava, Lithuania) have been studied. Eight young pine stands growing at a distance up to 22 km from the factory were chosen for sampling. Volatile components of the current-year and one-year-old needles were obtained by a simultaneous hydrodistillationextraction of dried material and analysed by GC and GC/MS. The yield of the essential oil varied from 0.25 to 0.47% and 0.25–0.49% in the current-year and one-year-old needles of pine, respectively. A slight increase of the oil yield was observed in the needles collected in pinewoods located at a distance up to 5 km from the factory. The chemical composition of the volatile oils of the dried needles collected at different distances was investigated. The most predominant fraction was found to be monoterpene hydrocarbons (58.4–72.4% and 45.0–60.8% in the current-year and one-yearold needles, respectively) with the major constituents a-pinene (19.8–35.0% and 18–28.0%) and d-3-carene (22.7%–33.7% and 19.9–25.9%). Variability of the amounts of these major constituents in the needles of the stands growing at different distances from the factory were represented. Sesquiterpene hydrocarbons were the second dominating fraction in the oils and formed 14.5– 25.7% and 18.5–33.1%, in the current-year and one-year-old needles, respectively. Under the effect of ammonia pollution, higher amounts of shorter chain terpenes and lower amounts of longer chain ones were produced, and this dependance was stronger expressed in the oils of the current-year needles.