Modulation of endothelial glycocalyx and microcirculation during anaerobic exercise by supplementation with pomegranate extract

Abstract

Introduction: The natural components of the pomegranate fruit may provide additional benefits for endothelial function and microcirculation. We hypothesized that chronic supplementation with pomegranate extract might improve glycocalyx properties and microcirculation during anaerobic condition. Methods: Eighteen healthy and physically active male volunteers aged 22–28 years were recruited randomly to the pomegranate and control groups (9 in each group). The pomegranate group was supplemented with pomegranate extract for two weeks. At the beginning and end of the experiment, the participants completed a high intensity sprint interval cycling-exercise (anaerobic exercise) protocol. The systemic hemodynamics, microcirculation flow and density parameters, glycocalyx markers, and lactate and glucose levels were evaluated before and after the two exercise bouts. Results: No significant differences in the microcirculation or glycocalyx were found over the course of the study. The lactate levels were significantly higher in both groups after the first and repeated exercise bouts, and were significantly higher in the pomegranate group relative to the control group after the repeated bout: 13.2 (11.9–14.8) vs. 10.3 (9.3–12.7) mmol/L, p = 0.017. Conclusions: Chronic supplementation with pomegranate extract has no impact on changes to the microcirculation and glycocalyx during anaerobic exercise, although an unexplained increase in blood lactate concentration was observed.