Classification of extraction sockets based upon soft and hard tissue components

Abstract

Background: The aim of this study was to present and validate a new classification system for the maxillary anterior extraction socket based upon soft and hard tissue parameters. Methods: Twenty-five maxillary anterior teeth from 25 subjects (15 men and 10 women; aged 18 to 51 years; mean age = 32.4 years) were used to validate the new proposed classification system. Two independent surgeons recommended a treatment approach based upon the classification proposed. These suggestions were verified at the time of surgery. Weighted Cohen's κ was used to calculate interobserver reliability. Statistical analysis was performed using the paired t, Kolmagorov-Smirnov, and marginal homogeneity tests. Results: Interobserver agreement and weighted Cohen's κ were 96% and 0.94, respectively. This indicated a high reliability for the proposed classification system. No peri-implant soft tissues were classified as deficient when the newly developed classification was used to recommend treatment. Overall, 80% of sockets were graded as adequate based on soft tissue parameters (P <0.001). Conclusion: The extraction socket classification proposed here is an objective and helpful tool for socket assessment and for promoting future implant esthetics.