Genetic Diversity of Breed of Beef Cattle Population Concerning Meat Production and Quality(Lithuania)

Abstract

The research presents comparative meat production and quality research data concerning Lithuanian black and white (LBW) and Lithuanian red (LR) as well as the breeds, used for improving the Lithuanian ones such as Holstein (H), Swedish White (SW) and the most frequent beef cattle populations in Lithuania Charolais (CH), Limousines (LI), Aubrac (AU), Simmental (SI) and Angus (AN). The start point for testing the dairy bulls was 120 days and for beef bulls was 200 days. All the bulls were grown at the controlled feeding station under the same conditions until the age of 500 days. At the age of 500 days there were selected 12 bulls representing each breed, controlled slaughters were made and samples were taken from the musculus longissimus dorsi at the two last ribs for meat quality research. It was stated that the weight of all dairy bulls was alike at the end of testing period. LBW bulls consumed 6.1 ME MJ (metabolizable energy MJ) or 8.2 percent less for each kilo gain than LR breed bulls. The breed impact was observed on the carcass yield as well. H bulls carcass yield was smaller than LWB by 1.75 percent (p<0.05). The other breed carcass yield was similar to the LWB bulls. The least musculus longissimus dorsi cross-sectional area was observed in H bulls (p<0.05). The breed influenced the meat chemical composition as well. SZ bulls meat contained most protein and intramuscular fat (p<0.05). H meat had lower water binding capacity and higher cooking loss (p<0,01 and <0,001). Indexes of meat quality differences concerning dairy breeds were statistically unreliable (p> 0.05). Concerning beef bulls breeds the highest weight was observed in CH and SI bulls at the age of 500 days. It was higher than AN bulls by 60.6 and 59.4 kg or 10.0 and 9.8 percent (p<0.05 ir <0.01). The feed costs of weight gain differences between breeds have not been identified. The highest carcass yield was observed in CH and the smallest in AN an [...]. U radu su izneti rezultati komparativne analize proizvodnje i kvaliteta mesa u okviru istraživanja o litvanskoj crno - beloj (LBW) i litvanskoj crvenoj (LR) rasi, kao i rasama, koje se koriste za unapređenje poput holštajna (H), švedske bele (SW) i najčešćim rasama junadi u litvanskoj populaciji: šarole (CH), limuzin (LI), aubrac (AU), simentalske (SI) i angus (AN) rase. Početni uzrast za ispitivanje mlečnih bikova bio je 120 dana, a tovnih bikova 200 dana. Svi bikovi su odgajani u testnim stanicama pod istim uslovima do uzrasta od 500 dana. U uzrastu od 500 dana izabrano je 12 bikova kao predstavnika rase, koji su zaklani pod kontrolisanim uslovima nakon čega su uzeti uzorci musculus longissimus dorsi sa poslednja dva rebra za istraživanje kvaliteta mesa. Konstatovano je da je težina svih mlečnih goveda bila slična na kraju probnog perioda. LBW bikovi konzumirali su 6,1 ME MJ (metabolička energija MJ) ili 8,2 odsto manje za svaki kilogram prirasta od LR rase bikova. Rasa je imala primetan uticaj na prinos trupova. Randman trupova H bikova je bio manji od LBW za 1,75 % (p <0,05). Prinos trupa drugih rasa je bio sličan LBW bikovima. Najmanji presek musculus longissimus dorsi zabeležen je kod bikova H rase (p <0,05). Rasa je takođe uticala na hemijski sastav mesa. Meso LR bikova sadržalo je najviše belančevina i masnog tkiva (p <0,05). Meso H rase je imalo manju sposobnost vezivanja vode i veći kalo kuvanja (p <0,01 i <0,001). Indeksi kvaliteta mesa odnosno razlike između nih, kod mlečnih rasa nisu bile statistički značajne (p > 0,05). Kada su tovne rase u pitanju, najveća masa je registrovana kod CH i SI bikova starosti od 500 dana. Telesna masa bila je veća nego kod AN bikova za 60,6 i 59,4 kg ili 10,0 i[...].