The associations between internalising problems and emotional and social competencies in preschool children

Abstract

Background: Internalising problems at an early age is a risk factor for later mental health problems. Emotional competences acquired during the first years has been linked with psychological well-being, social and academic adaptation. Identified associations between early emotional/social competencies and internalising problems can help to find ways for prevention of mental health problems. The aim of the study was to evaluate associations between the internalizing problems and emotional/social competencies in children aged 3-6 years. Methods: The study was performed in 2021 in Lithuania, the data of 169 children aged 3-6 years were collected. Internalizing problems were measured using CBCL filled in by parents (Achenbach, Rescorla, 2000) and SDQ filled in by parents and teachers (Goodman 2005). The emotional and social competences were measured using EMK 3-6 filled in by teachers and assessment performed by psychologists (Petermann, Gust 2016). Findings: According to CBCL data 5.4% children can be assigned to the risk group of internalizing problems. According to SDQ measures 10.3% of children can be assigned to the risk group of emotional problems. Higher emotional and social competencies, as emotional awareness, empathy, self-regulation, and social competence were related with lower internalizing problems scores. Better competencies of social behaviour of the child were related with lower internalizing problems scores. Discussion: Results suggest that training and improvement of emotional and social competences could be used in preventive programs and research of the effectiveness of such programs is needed.