Surgical treatment outcomes of idiopathic macular hole and its dependence on prognostic factors

Abstract

Introduction. Idiopathic macular hole (IMH) is a retinal defect at the fovea. It is commonly seen in women in the seventh decade of life without any apparent predisposing conditions. Treatment for IMH is vitrectomy, posterior vitreous cortex separation and intraocular gas tamponade. In cases of premacular fibrosis, internal limiting membrane peeling is done. Shorter duration of symptoms, earlier stage of MH, better preoperative visual acuity and younger patient age have been reported to be significantly associated with better surgical results. Only one study in Lithuania was carried out in years 2007 - 2008 and postoperative visual acuity dependence on age was found. Aim. The aim of this study was to determine the effectiveness of surgical treatment of idiopathic macular hole and its dependence on gender, age, stage of the disease, duration of preoperative symptoms, presence of premacular fibrosis and concomitant diseases. Methods. Retrospective analysis of medical records of patients diagnosed with IMH whom were performed pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) in Lithuanian University of Health Sciences Eye Clinics during the years of 2014 – 2016 was carried out. Only cases with at least 1 follow up visit from 3rd to 104th postoperative week were analyzed. Information about age and gender, preoperative symptoms, stage of the IMH, concomitant pathology in the same eye, preoperative and postoperative best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) and postoperative closure of the hole was collected. Uncorrected and best visual acuity was evaluated using Snellen chart. IMH was diagnosed and its closure was evaluated during ophthalmoscopy and for some patients - optical coherence tomography. Data was processed using “SPSS 22“ program. Independent. [...].