Role of IOP, MAP, OPP, CSFp, ICP in glaucoma

Abstract

Glaucoma is a progressive optic neuropathy characterized by irreversible damage to the optic nerve, causing permanent progressive loss of vision. The current knowledge about glaucoma is not sufficient to prevent or treat this blinding disease. It remains a disease with an unclear and complex underlying pathophysiology. Although intraocular pressure (IOP) is the main and only modifiable risk factor for glaucoma, vast number of patients still show signs of glaucoma despite an IOP within normal ranges. Systemic and localized vascular deficits, vascular autoregulation, ischemia, and metabolism have been shown to be involved in the disease process, especially in patients with normal IOP. Evidence shows that non-IOP factors may have impact on the apoptotic process associated with glaucoma.