Long-term disease course of ulcerative colitis in a prospective European population-based inception cohort - an Epi-IBD cohort study

Abstract

The Epi-IBD cohort is a population-based inception cohort of patients with inflammatory bowel disease from 22 European centres. The aim was to assess the 10-year disease course of patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) across Europe. Patients were followed prospectively from the time of diagnosis in 2010 and 2011, with uniform collection of data to end of 2020. Associations between covariates and colectomy, progression to extensive disease and hospitalisation were analysed separately by multivariable Cox regression analyses in a propensity score-matched sub-population to address regional differences. A total of 873 UC patients were recruited (Eastern Europe: 196 (22.4%), Western Europe: 677 (77.5%)). The 10-year crude rate for the use of advanced therapy was comparable in Eastern (13%) and in Western Europe (16%) (p>0.9), and the median time from diagnosis until initiation of advanced treatment was similar, at three years. The need for colectomy remained comparable in Eastern and Western Europe, with a 10-year crude rate of 4% and 6% (Cox:p=0.6), respectively. Likewise, disease progression to extensive disease (10-year rate: 17%, Cox:p=0.06) and hospitalisation (10-year rate: 23%, Cox:p=0.2) were comparable across Europe. The use of advanced therapy, and the early use of corticosteroids, were both associated with an increased risk of colectomy (Cox:both p<0.05). While the introduction of advanced therapies for UC has transformed the therapeutic landscape, their impact on colectomy rates, disease progression, and hospitalisations remains modest. Our findings highlight the need for continued innovation in UC treatment and the importance of individualised and targeted care to achieve optimal long-term outcomes.