Neurosarcoidosis: a case report and review of the manifestations of the disease on MRI

Abstract

Objective: Neurosarcoidosis (NS) is a rare systemic disease manifesting by inflammation and abnormal deposits in parts of the central nervous system and its coverings. There is a wide spectrum of radiological findings and clinical manifestations of the condition, so the diagnosis is often a challenge. Case description: We report a case of NS in a child, who clinically presented with neurological deficits. He was treated in a neurological department for a demyelinating disease because his clinical symptoms and radiological exams were suggestive of ADEM or SD. Later he developed a pulmonary insufficiency and was hospitalized in a pediatric intensive care department. The CT of the chest was consistent with a typical sarcoidosis. The MRI of the brain was interpreted as an atypical sarcoidosis with no meningeal involvement. Conclusions: We discuss the multifaceted manifestations of sarcoidosis affecting the brain and spinal cord and diagnostic difficulties regarding it.