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Sensitization profiles to house dust mite and storage dust mite allergens in atopic airway diseases: a pilot study
Date Issued | Volume | Issue | Start Page | End Page |
---|---|---|---|---|
2024-04-05 | 60 | Suppl. 1 | 147 | 147 |
Background. The problem is of outstanding importance since the properties of house dust mite (HDM) sensitization profile in atopic airway diseases have not been entirely understood yet. HDM are one of the most common sources of inhalable allergens relevant to atopic airway diseases (allergic asthma (AA) and allergic rhinitis (AR)). Although Der p 1, Der p 2 and Der f 1, Der f 2, mainly cause sensitization, recent studies show that the Der p 23 component is clinically relevant in asthmatic patients. Incidentally, sensitization to the storage dust mite (SDM) may also induce asthma and rhinitis symptoms in sensitized individuals. Aim. The aim of the current study was to assess the molecular profiles of HDM and SDM allergens in sensitized patients with atopic airway diseases. Methods. 44 adult patients aged 20 to 56 years with AR and/or AA were enrolled in the study. They were tested for sIgE in blood serum using the in vitro diagnostic system ‘Alex2’ (Macro Array Diagnostics GmbH, Austria). Results. 67% of the studied subjects, regardless of their disease, were sensitized to D. pteronyssinus and 60% to D. farinae allergens. In most cases, patients were sensitized to the main components: Der f 2 (59%), Der p 2 (56%), Der p 1 (42%), Der f 1 (39%). 38% of subjects were sensitized to the Der p 23 component, more often in patients with AR than AA+AR. On the other hand, the average of sIgE values against Der p 23 was higher in patients with AA+AR than in patients with AR. Additionally, Der p 23-sensitized patients reported a higher prevalence of double-sensitization to Der p 1 and Der p 2 than patients with missing sensitization to Der p 23. sIgE against Lep d 2 was found in 73% of subjects sensitized to HMD allergens. The sIgE values determined against this allergen correlated strongly with the sIgE values determined against components of Der f 2 and Der p 2 (r = 0.935; 0.882; p < 0.001). Conclusion. More than 65% of subjects with atopic airway diseases are sensitized to HDM allergens, mostly Der f 2 and Der p 2; most of them are also sensitized to the SDM allergen Lep d 2. This suggests that when assessing sensitization to HDM, choosing palettes with a broader spectrum of the HDM and SDM allergen components is appropriate.