The Comparison of dental implant osseointegration among diabetes mellitus patients according to glycated haemoglobin test results executed before and after the dental implantation: A systematic review

Abstract

Introduction Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a disease classified as conditional contraindication for dental implantations. The main criterion for such classification – appropriate glycaemic control which is determined by the rate of glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c). The problem of this research is relevant because there are around 422 million DM patients across the globe [9] and the glycaemic control of 2/3 of the diseased is poor [10,11]. Also, bad glycaemic control could influence the osseointegration of dental implants [12]. Aim To analyse the connection between DM control and dental implant osseointegration. Methods Based on PICO, the focus question was: How does HbA1c level changes affect dental implant osseointegration for DM patients? Study was conducted according to PRISMA statement. Used electronic databases: PubMed, Google Scholar, ResearchGate. Search keywords: glycated haemoglobin, diabetes, HbA1c, dental implants. The inclusion criteria: human clinical trials, full-text studies about the effect of HbA1c levels on DM patients’ dental implants. Studies published before 2009, systematic reviews, case reports were denied. Results 425 articles were found. Selection criteria were applied and 22 studies were selected for full-text analysis and 8 of them were included. 3 studies suggest that 1 and 2 years after dental implantation, patients with HbA1c levels ranging from ≤6.0% to 10% experience growing marginal bone loss (MBL) when their levels of HbA1c rise. When HbA1c levels are ≤8.0%, MBL (in mm) varies from 0,41 to 0,86, when HbA1c is 8.1%–10% patients experience a more significant MBL – from 0,51 to 1,54. 2 years after the implantation, patients with HbA1c levels of ≤8.0% undergo MBL from 0,46 to 0,98, while patients with HbA1c rate of 8.1%–10% – from 0,59 to 1,92 [1,2,3]. It was established that 3–4 months after the implantation, DM and healthy patient’s implant stability quotient’s [...].