Analysis of aloplastic cellulose-hydroxyapatite bone scaffold biological features

Abstract

Objectives: Developing bone tissue engineering, a novel porous composite scaffold was made of manohydroxyapatite and carboxymethyl cellulose. The goal of this study is to evaluate biological properties of carboxyl- and non-carboxyl- nano-hydroxy-apatite/cellulose scaffolds in vitro and in vivo. Material and methods: Two groups of different scaffolds were used for in vitro and in vivo analysis. Both of them were cultivated 24 and 96 hours with rabbit mesenchymal cells in bovine serum medium containing antibiotics for evaluation in vitro. The same scaffolds were used in vivo and implanted subcutaneous for 10 mice (5 mice for each scaffold). After 14, 28, 56, 84 days of implantation, 2 mice were sacrificed in every period of time, and the scaffolds were harvested. The specimens were made and stained with H&E and Masson's thichrome and analyzed histologically. Results: Biocompatibility was confirmed with samples in vitro. The adhesion and proliferation of mesenchymal cells are observed microscopically in both scaffolds after 24 hours. After 96 hours, cells are proliferated only on surface of the non-carboxyl-nano-hydroxyapatite/cellulose scaffold. All mice stay alive after implantations of scaffolds. Light inflammatory response is observed in histological analysis after 14 days of implantation. Also, both of scaffolds are surrounded by fibrous and collagenous tissue with proliferation of connective tissue into the deeper structures of scaffolds. [...].