Pakanavičiūtė, Rasa

Background and Objectives: The Oppel–Kundt (O–K) geometric optical illusion has been studied among people with mental disorders to understand the differences in their visual perception. Earlier studies were mainly focused on patients with schizophrenia, while less is known about patients with depression and the influence of medication use. The objectives were to compare illusion manifestation for schizophrenia, depression, and to evaluate possible differences depending on drug use. Materials and Methods: The stimuli consisted of three horizontally arranged dots, which were considered as terminators specifying the ends of the reference and the test stimulus intervals. The reference interval was filled with a set of distracting dots and changed, at random, from 0 to 19. The participants were asked to place the central terminator in the middle, between the outer ones. The trial consisted of 10 different figures, and each trial was repeated 10 times. This study involved 35 patients with depression and schizophrenia spectrum disorders and a comparison group of 35 persons. Information about drug use by patients was retrieved from their medical records. Results: OK illusion manifested stronger in patients with depression compared to the other subjects. The patients who were taking benzodiazepines made greater errors evaluating OK figures than those who were not. No differences were found regarding other drug use. The limitations include a limited sample and possible interfering effects of other drugs, especially antidepressants, which have been shown to affect illusion perception. Conclusions: The OK illusion was more prominent in the patients with depression and in those who were taking benzodiazepines.

There are no diagnostic tests or consent international definition for long COVID in children [1]. Long-COVID is a typical condition of adults with a history of probable or confirmed SARS-CoV-2 infection in the previous 3 months and with symptoms lasting over 2 months not explained by an alternative diagnosis [2]. We present a case report of a 16 year old girl, who experienced mental health decline after SARSCoV-2 infection that manifested with depressive symptoms. Patient’s mental and somatic condition was evaluated 5 times in one year period and once again after 2 years. Patient attended psychotherapy and was treated with Fluoxetine up to 20 mg a day for reduction of depresive and anxiety symptoms. A reduction of symptoms was registered 2 weeks after begining of treatment but 55 weeks after virus exposition symptoms reoccurred. Certain symptoms, such as anxiety, difficulties concentrating, and fatigue, persisted despite the reduction of other symptoms. This case report shows dynamics of long-COVID syndrome in 2 year period.

Backgrounds: Children who have contracted COVID are at risk of experiencing a variety of long-lasting symptoms collectively known as prolonged COVID syndrome. According to world data, about 30% of children infected with SARS-CoV-2 will experience certain symptoms. In this study, we aimed to create a continuous follow-up program for children after COVID infection. Moreover, our aim was to improve longterm periodic communication with the patient's parents to discuss her/his condition and timely recognize the signs of prolonged COVID. In addition, provide individualized assistance, monitoring of the patient and symptoms, assessment of the persistence of symptoms, and provide specific treatment. Methods: Continuous follow-up program in the frame of a prospective observational study was created and is conducted in our hospital. The program started in March 2022. Criteria for the inclusion: 1 month up to 18 years of age, diagnosed with COVID-19, or have been diagnosed with MIS-C syndrome according to the clinical criteria. After the inclusion, in a period of one year, 5 medical assessments of the state of health are planned to be carried out. In case of specific symptoms, a patient is referred to a specialist. Results: Currently, ~40 children with their caregivers are included into the program. The median age for inclusion – 9y, 42%-female. Nine children required additional consultation with a pediatric neurologist with the most frequent complaint of headaches. 4 children have ongoing consultations with a psychiatrist and continuous visits are planned. Six children were referred to a pediatric rheumatologist complaining of prolonged joint aches and the assessment regarding autoimmune diseases is ongoing. Conclusions/Learning Points: Our further plans are to collect more data and analyze the symptoms and signs according to age and gender.

Klinikiniame atvejyje aprašoma pacientė, kuriai paauglystės pradžioje palaipsniui pasireiškė obsesinio kompulsinio sutrikimo klinika, kurią, perėjus prie nuotolinio mokymo, sustiprino atsiradęs kompulsyvaus pobūdžio įpročių ir potraukių sutrikimas - priklausomybė nuo internetinių vaizdo žaidimų. Vaizdo žaidimai bei žaidimų įrašų internete stebėsena tapo priimtinu būdu, siekiant išvengti pasikartojančių įkyrių minčių, sumažinti įtampą, nerimą.

Objective: Recent studies have shown that catatonia can occur in patients with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), but the similarity of the behavioral features among these disorders raises many diagnostic challenges. In clinical practice it is common to misinterpret catatonic symptoms, such as mutism, stereotypic speech, repetitive behaviors, echolalia, posturing, mannerisms, purposeless agitation and rigidity, as features of ASDs. Our aim was to review catatonia in autism spectrum disorders Method: A case-report is presented and discussed Results: Autistic disorder shares some symptoms with catatonia such as mutism, negativism, sterotypes. Catatonia in autism may therefore be a variant of the autistic condition.. Conclusion: Our report demonstrates that catatonia is recognisable in adolescents with autism spectrum disorders, although it faces diagnostic challenges.

Problemos aktualumas ir darbo tikslas. Pastaruoju metu vis daugiau vyresnių pacientų kreipiasi dėl ortodontinio gydymo. Kuo vyresni pacientai, tuo daugiau gretutinių ligų turi ir medikamentų vartoja. Šio darbo tikslas yra išsiaiškinti pacientų vartojamų medikamentų – nesteroidinių vaistų nuo uždegimo (NVNU) –įtaką ortodontiniam gydymui. Medžiaga ir metodai. Atlikta literatūros apžvalga, taikant pasirinktus raktinius žodžius, elektroninėje duomenų bazėje Medline via PubMed. Paieškai buvo naudojama raktinių žodžių formuluotė: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs OR NSAIDs AND orthodontic treatment, bei šių raktinių žodžių kombinacijos. Rezultatai. Darbui atrinkti 8 straipsniai, tiriantys NVNU poveikį. Didžioji dalis publikuotų tyrimų buvo atlikta su laboratoriniais gyvūnais ir tik vienas su ortodontiniais pacientais. Gauti rezultatai, jog tam tikri NVNU preparatai inhibuoja ortodontinį danties judėjimą – rofekoksibas, diklofenakas, ketorolakas, ibuprofenas. Išvados. Kai kurie NVNU preparatai inhibuoja ortodontinį danties judėjimą, todėl reikėtų rinktis saugiausius preparatus –acetaminofeną, celekoksibą, parekoksibą.

Raidos sutrikimai (RS) – tai sutrikimų kategorija, apibrėžiama ir klasifikuojama, remiantis Tarptautinės statistinės ligų ir sveikatos sutrikimų klasifikacijos X taisytu ir papildytu leidimu Australijos modifikacija (TLK-10-AM). Į šią kategoriją įtraukti sutrikimai (F84.0–F84.9, pagal TKL-10-AM): vaikystės autizmas, netipinis autizmas, Reto sindromas, kiti dezintegraciniai vaikystės sutrikimai, hiperaktyvus elgesys, susijęs su protiniu atsilikimu ir stereotipiniais judesiais, Aspergerio sindromas, kiti raidos sutrikimai bei nepatikslinti raidos sutrikimai [1]. Simptomai pasireiškia jau per pirmuosius trejus gyvenimo metus ir išlieka visą gyvenimą, lemdami socialinę atskirtį ir negalią [2]. Šio straipsnio tikslas – yra suteikti išsamią informaciją apie raidos sutrikimų turinčius pacientus ir bendravimo metodus, rekomenduojamus taikyti gydymo eigoje.