Rokicki, Jan Pavel

Aim of the study. To identify the relationships that patients’ poor oral hygiene, flagellin, IL-1β, IL-6, and toll-like receptor 5 (TLR5) have with the progression of floor-of-the-mouth squamous cell carcinoma (FOM SCC). Methods. We collected venous blood samples, unstimulated saliva samples, and biopsies from the epithelial layer of the floor-of-the-mouth mucosa. Venous blood and unstimulated saliva samples were analysed using the ELISA kit protocol, and concentrations of flagellin, IL-1β, and IL-6 were calculated. In an immunofluorescence study, the biopsies were used to calculate TLR5. Results. The average flagellin concentration value in saliva in the FOM SCC group and in the control group was not significantly different. The average IL-1β, IL-6 concentrations in the saliva of the FOM SCC group were significantly higher than those of the control group. In the control group, the amount of TLR5 at a distance of 80 µm was lower compared with the experimental group on the healthy side and on the lesion side. Conclusion. After detecting changes in flagellin, IL-1β, IL-6, and TLR5, we determined that bacteria in the mouth containing flagellin may be involved in the pathogenesis of floor-of-mouth cancer.

Classical trigeminal neuralgia is thought to be primarily caused by neurovascular contact of the trigeminal nerve root. However, neurovascular contact is also seen in individuals without trigeminal neuralgia on magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Understanding this reciprocal association is important for clinical decision-making, as microvascular decompression is usually considered in medication-refractory cases.

Dental implants (DI) are among the most effective solutions for restoring masticatory function in patients with tooth loss. The success of these implants often depends on selecting appropriate design parameters, such as length and diameter, to ensure optimal outcomes. Understanding how these variables influence load transfer to the surrounding bone is essential for improving DI performance.

Problemos aktualumas. Savigyda tampa vis aktualesne pasauline problema, ypač odontologijos srityje, kur pacientai dažnai vartoja antibiotikus be gydytojo konsultacijos, siekdami palengvinti dantų skausmą arba infekcijos sukeltus simptomus. Nors antibiotikai veiksmingi gydant bakterines infekcijas, jų netinkamas vartojimas skatina bakterijų atsparumą antibiotikams, sukelia nepageidaujamą šalutinį poveikį ir komplikuoja gydymą. Tyrimo tikslai. Įvertinti savarankiško antibiotikų vartojimo paplitimą tarp pacientų, nustatyti pagrindines šį elgesį lemiančias priežastis, išanalizuoti dažniausiai vartojamas antibiotikų rūšis ir identifikuoti pagrindines paskatas savarankiškam jų vartojimui. Medžiaga ir metodai. Atlikta sisteminė literatūros paieška trijose duomenų bazėse: „PubMed" („Medline"), „Google Scholar" ir „Cochrane Library“. Paieška atlikta vartojant reikšminius žodžius, „antibiotics", „dental", „oral", „self-medication“. Rezultatai. Iš viso rasta 112 mokslinių straipsnių, publikuotų 2020-2025 m. laikotarpiu. Remiantis nustatytais atrankos kriterijais, į analizę įtraukta 13 straipsnių. Išvados. Tyrimo duomenimis, apie 31 proc. tiriamųjų nurodė vartojantys antibiotikus savarankiškai. Dažniausiai vartojami antibiotikai - amoksicilinas ir amoksicilinas su klavulano rūgštimi. Pagrindinės savigydos priežastys: laiko stygius, finansiniai aspektai ir ankstesnė teigiama patirtis vartojant antibiotikus. Asmeninės žinios ir artimųjų rekomendacijos daro reikšmingą įtaką sprendimui vartoti antibiotikus be recepto.

Gydytojai odontologai ir odontologai specialistai privalo suprasti, kad gydo ne tik dantis ir burną, bet gydo pacientą kaip visumą, kuriam dėl šiuolaikinės medicinos pasiekimų vis anksčiau ir tiksliau diagnozuojamos ligos, sėkmingiau taikomi nauji veido ir žandikaulių srities gydymo metodai. Specialistui nepakanka žinoti apie siauros srities ligas ir jų gydymą, gydytojo pareiga į žmogaus organizmą, gretutines ligas, jų gydymą ir procesų bei veiksnių sąveiką žvelgti plačiau. Medicinoje, kaip ir gyvenime, susiduriama su priežasties ir pasekmės santykiu. Bet koks invazyvus gydymas turi pasekmių, kurios gali būti laukiamos, nes gydo ligą, ir, deja, nepageidaujamos, sukeliančios neigiamą poveikį. Kalbėdami apie invazyvų gydymą, omenyje turime ne tik chirurginį, bet ir medikamentinį gydymą. Jau nuo seno laikomasi vieno iš pagrindinių chirurgijos principų – „žeisdamas gydau“. Gydymo sėkmė priklauso nuo tinkamai parinkto gydymo veiksmingumo, trukmės, optimalaus stiprumo ir t. t. Šie principai pritaikomi ir chirurginiams, ir konservatyviems gydymo metodams. Deja, medikamentinis gydymas taip pat gali sukelti šalutinį poveikį. [...].

Artificial intelligence (AI) is getting more popular in the public and healthcare sectors, specifically in dentistry. Therefore, this systematic review seeks to determine the impact of orthognathic surgery on facial symmetry and explore how AI can be employed in evaluating the changes in a human face. The systematic review was carried out adhering to PRISMA guidelines. This systematic review included three studies (two retrospective studies and one proof-of-concept study) that state that AI is an important tool for assessing facial symmetry after surgeries. Deep learning models have great potential to predict, evaluate, and analyse outcomes because subjective factors do not constrain them. It is established that orthognathic surgery improves facial symmetry, and AI is used to plan, predict, and analyze the outcomes of surgeries. Consequently, there is a wide range of applications for AI and this systematic review focused on a narrower area: facial symmetry. Besides, AI needs some control nowadays because there are different AI software, which could have varied capabilities, algorithms, and biases.

Background and Objectives: The most popular surgical procedures among orthognathic surgeries for Class II and III patients are Le Fort 1 osteotomy for the maxilla and bilateral sagittal split ramus osteotomy (BSSRO) for the mandible. Keeping the condyle in its proper place during fixation is one of the difficulties of orthognathic surgery. One of the worst post-orthognathic surgery consequences in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) area may be condylar resorption. Condylar remodeling refers to a group of processes that occur in reaction to forces and stress placed on the temporomandibular joint in order to preserve morphological, functional, and occlusal balance. A systematic review of the literature was performed with the aim of identifying the mandibular condylar component of TMJ changes after orthognathic surgery in class II and III patients. Materials and Methods: An electronic search was carried out using the PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar, databases. The inclusion criteria included trials in non-growing patients upon whom orthognathic surgery was performed due to Angle II or Angle III classes malocclusion; in addition, a CT or cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) scan was performed before and after surgery to track the mandibular condylar component of TMJ changes. The quality of the studies was evaluated by two independent authors. The risk of bias was assessed by using the Downs and Black checklist. Results: The electronic and manual literature search yielded 12 studies that fulfilled all necessary inclusion criteria. Observed studies were evaluated as good (3), fair (8), and poor (1) quality. Two studies evaluated class II patients, six studies observed class III patients, and four studies were comparative. Most of the studies evaluated condyle angle and space changes, and the condylar surface and volume changes were also observed. However, the methodology of evaluation in the publications differs. Conclusions: Reduction of bone density, especially in class II patients, and morphological condyle reshaping, with the apposition of the bone, is the main adaptive mechanism after orthognathic surgery. However, all of the studies we examined were conducted using different methods of evaluation, measurement, and reference points.

The complete mechanism of Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) development is still not fully understood, knowing that several different factors can cause this disease. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is an auxiliary tool to determine the possible cause. This paper reviews the architecture of the trigeminal nerve that is important to TN, describes the imaging appearance of vascular compression of the trigeminal nerve in TN patients, and discusses the relationship between these findings and the causative TN branch. Following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) criteria, this systematic review and meta-analysis was carried out. The query set that was utilised was (neurovascular conflict) AND (trigeminal nerve) AND (neuralgia). The databases Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, ResearchGate, and PubMed/MEDLINE were utilised. The primary database search yielded 3886 articles; after applying search criteria, 4 articles were selected for the study. The methodological indicator of non-randomized studies - MINORS was used. The most common branches involved in the TN were a combination of second and third branches (55.6%). The overall difference was statistically insignificant when comparing the second and third trigeminal nerve branches with the most common neurovascular conflict vessels. MRI is the most used diagnostic tool for evaluating NVC in TN. The analyzed studies present the most frequent involvement of vertebral artery or superior cerebellar artery vessels in the NVC. Further large sample size studies are needed to develop a map (algorithm) that can easily identify the contacting vessel in the presence of branch TN.

Objective. Dentofacial deformities affect patients’ social relations, self-esteem and oral health-related quality of life. Studies show that patients treated for malocclusions with orthodontics/orthognathic surgery have significantly more temporomandibular disorders (TMDs) than others. The aim of the work was to evaluate the effect of orthognathic surgery on temporomandibular joint pain. Material and methods. The literature review was performed according to PRISMA guidelines. Publications were searched in databases: PubMed, The Cochrane Library, Science Direct. A combination of keywords was used and the selection criteria were applied. Articles written in English and studies conducted on people who underwent bilateral sagittal split osteotomy and/or Le Fort I osteotomy and arthralgia were evaluated before and after surgery were included in this study. Results. 10 publications were selected, including a total of 1143 patients. When evaluating arthralgia, statistically significant positive results were seen at 6 months after surgery, at later postoperative periods results remained beneficial. Conclusion. Included studies showed that patients with dentofacial deformities, who underwent orthodontic-orthognathic treatment, less often complains about arthralgia.

Introduction: Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most frequent skin malignancy worldwide. The majority of BCCs grow slowly and have a low metastatic potential. However, they can be destructive to surrounding tissues since they are locally invasive. Methods: This case report was conducted on a 78-year-old woman complaining of a solid lump on the left side of the neck and nonhealing lesion. Three years earlier, she had BCC on the same site. Clinical and radiographic examinations were made. The biopsy specimens revealed that it is a recurrent BCC. In operating room, during blunt tissue dissection, the arterial wall was damaged. Tumor was overgrown left internal carotid artery near the bifurcation. Infiltrated part of arteria wall was resected, and a synthetic arterial prosthesis was placed. Results: Follow-up after 4 months showed that the wound was healing well. No complications regarding cardiovascular and other organ systems were seen.