Vienažindienė, Žydrūnė

[...]. Darbo tikslas ir uždaviniai Tyrimo tikslas buvo įvertinti šunų virškinamojo trakto helmintozių kontrolę dehelmintizuojant skirtingais antihelmintikais ir skirtingomis dehelmintizavimo programomis lauko sąlygmis bei įvertinti galimus šiuos tyrimus ribojančius veiksnius. Darbo uždaviniai: 1. Įvertinti febantelio / pirantelio embonato / prazikvantelio (Drontal® Plus, Bayer), emodepsido / prazikvantelio (Profender®, Bayer) ar milbemicino oksimo / prazikvantelio (Milbemax®, Elanco) profilaktinio dehelmintizavimo programų efektyvumą, dehelmintizuojant šunis kas vieną, tris ir šešis mėnesius. 2. Įvertinti veiksnius, galinčius riboti lauko sąlygomis vykdomų kontrolės programų vertinimą. 3. Įvertinti ilgalaikės E. intermedius (kiaulių kamienas, G7) kontrolės programos (2006−2010) efektyvumą po 6 metų (2017), nustatant gydomojoje ir kontrolinėje teritorijose laikomų šunų užsikrėtimą. Mokslinis naujumas ir praktinė reikšmė Tyrimo metu įvertintas trijų plataus veikimo spektro antihelmintikų efektyvumas natūraliai virškinamojo trakto helmintais užsikrėtusiems kaimo šunims, taikant tris skirtingas dehelmintizacijos kontrolės programas lauko sąlygomis. Nustatyta, jog praėjus vienam mėnesiui po gydymo emodepsidu / prazikvanteliu (Profender®, Bayer) ir milbemicino oksimu / prazikvanteliu (Milbemax ®, Elanco) šunys su išmatomis išskyrė žymiai mažiau T. canis kiaušinėlių spalio, lapkričio, vasario ir kovo mėnesiais. Dehelmintizuojant febanteliu / pirantelio embonatu[...].

The European bison and deer are frequently infected with trichostrongylid nematodes. However, information on the seasonal changes of infection that could be used as the basis for sustainable preventive measures is scarce. The faecal egg output and subsequent contamination of pastures with infective trichostrongylid third stage (L3) larvae of Ostertagia spp., Cooperia spp., Oesophagostomum spp. in naturally infected animals was examined during the year. A herd of 290 sika deer, 300 red deer, 200 fallow deer and 15 European bison of different age, grazing for the full year on the enclosed pastures, naturally contaminated with trichostrongylid nematodes were examined. All animals were supplementary fed at different times. The calves grazed together with adults throughout the study. Every two-four weeks herbage and fresh faecal samples were randomly collected. L3 larvae from grass samples were isolated (Fernandez et al. 2001), differentiated and counted. Each of 5-10 deer samples of the mid–sized elongate (approx. 8 x 15 mm; hind) and small (approx. 6 x 11 mm; calf) fresh pellets were collected separately. Large rounded (approx. 12 x 15 mm; stag) pellets (Herczeg 1983) were avoided. The eggs per gram of faeces (EPG) were enumerated using a McMaster technique (Roepstorf and Nansen 2000). Faecal cultures were established and L3 larvae were obtained on few occasions (Henriksen and Korsholm 1983). Eleven harvested sika deer were necropsied and examined for the presence of gastrointestinal nematodes (Satrija and Nansen 1993). The EPG of sika deer hind faeces was elevated in the May during the peri–/post–parturient period resulting in the elevated contamination of pastures with L3 larvae of Ostertagia spp. in June until the middle of September. This was the source for infection of calves resulting in delayed EPG output during September to November. Hence the highest risk of infection was in early born calves graz [...].

Echinococcus granulosus sensu lato comprises a number of recognized species which cause cystic echinococcosis (CE) in humans and intermediate hosts. These species have particular geographic distributions, with E. granulosus sensu stricto (genotypes G1/2/3 and micro variants) being most widely spread. In Lithuania, E. intermedius (G7) is known to be the only species circulating between pigs and dogs but is also infecting cattle and humans. In fact, recent reports showed a rise of the incidence to 1.13 human cases/100,000 inhabitants/year. Most of the pigs reared on the backyard farms in Lithuania are slaughtered on site during the cold season (October–April) and are used for own consumption. Therefore, in this study, we examined the impact on taeniid transmission of treating dogs with baits containing an oral formulation of praziquantel every two months during the pig slaughtering season in endemic villages in Lithuania. This study started in November 2006 and ended in January 2011; the first dog treatment was administered in February 2007. The results show that the prevalence of E. intermedius, E. multilocularis and Taenia spp. decreased significantly in treated dogs from the second year of the study when compared to untreated dogs. The treatment of dogs also had an impact on reducing the incidence of CE in fattener pigs from 17.6% (2006-2007) to 3.8% (2008; P < 0.05) and in sows from 26.9% (2006-2007) to 3.6% (2008), and eventually to zero in 2010 (P < 0.05) in fatteners and sows as compared to animals from “control” areas (30.7% and 63.7%, respectively). The results document a significant decrease in the transmission of E. intermedius (G7) after treatment of dogs with praziquantel in a relatively short time on farm level in Lithuania. Taeniid prevalence in dogs remained low in 2017 in the areas where anthelmintic intervention was performed until 2010 and, surprisingly, it was also strongly reduced in control areas. Reduction of taeniid[...].

Introduction. Studies from all over the world have demonstrated the high rates (10-30%) of soil contamination with Toxocara spp. eggs in back yards, sandpits, parks, playgrounds, lake beaches, and other public places. Toxocara spp. eggs can survive for several years in the soil due to their tough outer shell preventing from the adverse environmental conditions (Lloyd, 1993; Gamboa, 2005; Mizgajska-Wiktor and Uga, 2006)Meanwhile, in a recent study, it was reported that out of 246 dogs excreting Toxocara spp. eggs in their faeces, 120 (48,8%) were coprophagic (Nijsse et al. 2014). The aim. The aim of this study was to examine the impact of environmental contamination with non embryonated Toxocara spp. eggs on the excretion of intestinal parasite eggs in the feces of vilage dogs and results of coproscopic examinations in treated and non-treated dogs. Material and methods). A total of 894 village dogs with the opportunity for individual sampling of faces from the ground (i.e. dogs on chain (n=713) or in pens (n=181) were included in this study. [...].

The efficacy of anthelmintic treatment at 1, 3, and 6 month intervals was evaluated in a prospective controlled field study with naturally exposed Lithuanian village dogs by monthly coproscopy during 1 year. A placebo-treated control group (C) (n = 202) and groups treated with two broad-spectrum anthelmintics, febantel/pyrantel-embonate/praziquantel (Drontal® Plus, Bayer) (D1, D3, D6; n = 113-117) and emodepside/praziquantel (Profender®, Bayer) (P1, P3, P6; n = 114-119), were included. At the beginning of the study, eggs of Toxocara canis (4.02%) and T. cati (0.44%) identified morphometrically and/or molecularly and eggs of taeniid- (0.78%) and Capillaria-like eggs (5.03%) were present in the feces without significant differences in prevalence between groups. Significant decreases in excretion of T. canis eggs was found 1 month after the treatment with Drontal® Plus in February (D1) and with Profender® in October (P1), November (P1), December (P3), February (P1), and March (P1, P3), as compared to controls in the same months. The incidence of egg excretion per dog at least once a year was significantly lower in group P1 for T. canis (4.24%; p < 0.01) and in groups D1, P1 for taeniid eggs (0%; p < 0.01 and p < 0.001), when compared to controls (16.96 and 6.70%, respectively). A critical analyses of factors possibly responsible for intestinal passage of canine helminth eggs revealed that chained dogs excreted T. canis eggs more frequently 1 month after treatment compared to dogs in pens, particularly from November to March (p = 0.01). The incidence of single detection of T. cati eggs was significantly increased in chained dogs (12.46%) as compared to fenced dogs (1.08%; p = 0.0001).

The hygiene for dogs and cats can be achieved by removing the faeces (Rulffes, 1989, Stephan, 1989) and thorough deaning of kennels (Smith, 1985). The aim of this study was to examine the excretion of intestinal parasite eggs in the feces of Lithuanian village dogs kept on areas with regularly or irregularly removed feces from the ground. The adult village dogs for which it was possible to individually sample the feces from the ground were randomly selected for this study. The fresh individual fecal samples were collected monthly from May 2013 to June 2014 from the ground within the area accessible by dogs with regulary removed feces (n=100) or dogs with irregularly removed feces (n=102). The samples were examined using flotation in zinc chloride solution and microscopic analysis. The excretion of T. canis eggs was significantly higher (P<0.05) in dogs with irregularly removed feces (1.03%; 95% CI 0.03-5.61 and 1.08%; 95% CI 0.03-5.85) compared to those with regular removed feces (5.88%; 95% CI 2.19-12.36 and 5.49%; 95% CI2.21-12.48) in November and December, respectively. A significant decrease (P<0.05) was observed in excretion of Capillaria sp. eggs in dogs with regularly removed feces in July (0.00%; 95% CI 0.00-3.36), March (0.00%; 95% CI 0.00-3.89), April (0.00%; 95% CI 0.00-3.97) and May (0.00%; 95% CI 0.00-4.06) as compared to dogs with irregularly removed feces (4.55%; 95% CI 1.49-10.29; 6.32%; 95% CI 2.35-13.24; 7.45%; 95% CI 3.05-14.74 and 9,68%; 95% CI 4.52-17.58) in the same months. The excretion of teaniidae or T. vulpis in the feces was not affected by regular removal of feces.

Inhibition of food spoilage and pathogenic bacteria in order to extend the shelf life of products is one of the main goals in food industry. Achieving this goal through biopreservation using natural antimicrobial compounds is of considerable interest and attracts special attention of consumers. One of the biggest considerations in biopreservation in recent years is dedicated to lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and bacteriocins produced by them. Safety of bacteriocin-producing LAB, intended to be used for food production, is an important aspect. From the enzymatic point of view, strains should not produce harmful enzymes like β-glucosidase or β-glucuronidase. The aim of this study was to select bacteriocin nisin-producing Lactococcus lactis strains with no activity of β-glucosidase or β-glucuronidase out of 12 nisin producing L. lactis strains, isolated from local cow and goat milk, fermented wheat and buckwheat samples. The enzymatic tests were carried out using the API ZYM kit. No activity of β-glucuronidase was detected, though four strains of plant origin were found to produce strong β-glucosidase activity. Other evaluation of enzymatic activities revealed none or weak activities determined for alkaline phosphatase, esterase (C4), esterase lipase (C8), lipase (C14), valine arylamidase, cysteine arylamidase, trypsin, α-galactosidase, α-glucosidase, N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase, α-mannosidase, and α-fucosidase. Weak phosphohydrolase activities were determined for all of the strains except one strain isolated from raw goat milk, which had strong activity of this enzyme. Eight nisin-producing L. lactis strains were found to be safe regarding the enzymatic activity, and could be applied for biopreservation after further testing. This research was fund[...].

Įvadas. Stumbrų virškinamajame trakte parazituoja Trichostrongylidae šeimos nematodai Ostertagia ostertagi, Cooperia oncophora. O. ostertagi sukelia parazitinį gastroenteritą. Gausus užsikrėtimas C. ancophora gali būti trumpalaikio viduriavimo ir svorio sumažėjimo priežastis. Lenkijoje Belovežo girioje, Baltarusijoje, Kanadoje atlikta nemažai tyrimų, kuriais nustatytas laisvai gyvenančių stumbrų užsikrėtimas virškinamojo trakto parazitais. Tyrimai parodė, kad stumbrų virškinamajame trakte dominuoja Ostertagia sp., ir Cooperia sp. nematodai. Tačiau iki šiol vis dar trūksta informacijos apie užsikrėtimo sezoniškumą, suaugusiųjų ir jauniklių užsikrėtimo skirtumus, gyvūnų tankumo įtaką užsikrėtimo gausumui bei kitus epizodinius duomenis, kuriais remiantis būtų galima sudaryti profilaktikos priemonių programą, ir mažinančią stumbrų užsikrėtimo gausumą ir helmintų sukeliamą žalą jų organizmui. Darbo tikslas. Nustatyti ištisus metus aptvaruose ganomų suaugusių stumbrų ir jauniklių užsikrėtimą Cooperia spp. ir Ostertagia spp. nematodais, užsikrėtimo ir žolės užterštumo invazinėmis jų lervomis gausumą bei sezoninę kaitą. Darbo metodika. Tyrimai buvo atlikti 2009-2010 metais Lietuvos veterinarijos akademijoje ir VĮ "Panevėžio urėdija" Pašilių stumbryne. Tyrimui pasirinkti du aptvarai, kuriuose dalį ganyklos užima miškas. Bendras ganyklos plotas – 20 hektarų. Iš viso stumbryne ganėsi 10 suaugusių stumbrų (Bison bonasus L.) ir 5 stumbrų jaunikliai. [...].