Saburkinė, Inga

Aim and Objectives The aim of the present study :To investigate sympathetic ganglia remodeling caused by arterial hypertension.

The objectives of the study:

1. To investigate the morphological changes of neurons of the upper cervical and stellate nodes caused by hypertension.
2. To investigate hypertension-induced immunohistochemical changes in neurons of the upper cervical and stellate nodes.
3. To investigate hypertension-induced immunohistochemical changes in the fibers of the upper cervical and stellate nodes. Methods: Normotensive and hypertensive rats have been used by this experiment, the total number of sample was 12 meaning 6 rats WKY and 6 SHR. Samples has been taken from superior cervical and superior thoracic ganglia and were stained using neurofilament protein as a marker. TH positive marker were added with CGRP ChAT and NOS neurotramittors , We examined the slides under light microscope.Table and graphs has been used the demonstrate our study results by the help of statistical analysis.

Results: The results of our study indicate that there are no significant differences in the morphology, size, and number and density of neurons in the superior cervical and superior thoracic ganglia of hypertensive and normotensive rats. As well as neuronal number and size in normotensive and hypertensive rats shows lack of significant different. However, we observe a greater fiber density of CGRP ChAT and NOS that reacted to TH positive marker in the normotensive rats compared to hypertensive rats.

Conclusions: Hypertension-induced morphological changes (area, density and number) of superior cervical and stellate ganglion neurons were not found. No immunohistochemical (TH, CGRP, ChAT, and NOS) changes were found in superior cervical and stellate ganglion neurons induced by hypertension. Hypertension-induced immunohistochemical changes in the fibers of the upper cervical and stellate nodes were determined (the density of ChAT, CGRP and NOS immunoreactive fibers was significantly reduced in the group of hypertensive rats.

• Title – Comparative morphological study of epicardial nerve plexus of ventricles in the human and experimental animals (sheep).
• Introduction – the use of animal models demonstrated a better understanding of the field of cardiovascular diseases and pathophysiology. The models continue to be an essential tool in the forecasting and prevention of those cardiac diseases. Sheep, as a big animal model with its cardiac resemblance to the human heart, is approved to serve as an appropriate pre-clinical animal model for cardiovascular studies. Regarding cardiac kinetics and performance, similar aspects in the sheep heart comparable to the human heart regarding the contractility and relaxation of the cardiac cardiomyocytes were noticed. It has been shown that human and sheep hearts share the same values ranges and frequencies in resting, systolic and diastolic actions of the heart. The main aspects of this comparative study are to process and demonstrate the entrance points of the nerves in the ventricles of human and ovine, to show the distribution pathways of the nerves through the ventricles and specifically through the epicardium, to demonstrate a topographic distribution of the ganglia and to perform its quantitative evaluation.
• The aim of the thesis- to conduct a comparative morphological study of the epicardial nerve plexus of ventricles in humans and sheep.
• Objectives of the study- • To determine the entrance points of the nerves into the cardiac ventricles. • To study the distribution pathways of the nerves through the epicardium of ventricles. • To estimate the distribution of the ventricular epicardiac ganglia (topography). • To evaluate the total nerve width (sum) quantitatively across different epicardial subplexuses • To evaluate the total ganglion areas (sum) quantitatively across different ventricular homological regions.
• The methodology- • Five newborn German black-colored-faced lambs of both sexes were used. The hearts were perfused with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) through a syringe needle inserted in the left ventricle. • Five human hearts were taken from autopsy cases without cardiac problems or complications no more than 12 to 24 hours after death at the morgues of Hospital of Lithuanian University of Health Sciences. The hearts were obtained from fetuses of both sexes at the gestation age of 23 -40 weeks. • Stain in Histochemically manner by acetylcholinesterase of pressure-inflated hearts on both species. • Statistical analysis was performed using R v4.0.2. Categorical data are presented as counts and percentages.
• General conclusions – • Mediastinal nerves accessed the human and sheep ventricles similarly, but some topographical and structural interspecific differences exist. • The main aspects of the distribution pathways of the nerves through the human and ovine ventricles do not fully differ in both species, neither structurally nor topographically. • The distribution pattern of ventricular epicardial ganglia differs in humans and sheep. • The distribution trend and the order of magnitude of the total nerve width across different epicardial subplexuses of both species are different and not comparable. • The distribution trend and the order of magnitude of the ganglion sum areas across different ventricular areas of both species are different and not comparable.

Aim: The following study aims to investigate the morphology of the epicardial nerve plexus of the ventricles of the porcine heart. Objectives:

1. To investigate the penetration points of the cardiac nerves into the epicardium of the ventricles in a pig’s heart.
2. To study the distribution of the epicardial nerves in the ventricular epicardium in a porcine heart.
3. To study the distribution of ganglia in the ventricular epicardium in a porcine heart.
4. To perform morphological analysis of the ventricular epicardial nerves.
5. To perform morphological analysis of the ventricular epicardial ganglia.