Preeklampsija ir eklampsija

Abstract

Preeklampsija – daugiasisteminė patologija, kuri gali atsirasti po 20 savaičių nėštumo. Ji paprastai susijusi su padidėjusiu kraujospūdžiu, proteinurija bei edema. Eklampsija – tai traukuliai, susiję su preeklampsija. Eklampsijos dažnis aukšto ekonominio lygio šalyse 1 iš 2 tūkstančių gimdymų, o žemesnio ekonominio lygio šalyse – 1 iš 100–1700 gimdymų. Traukuliai gali ištikti prieš gimdymą, jo metu ar po gimdymo. Per metus pasaulyje nuo eklampsijos žūva apie 50 tūkstančių moterų. Šiame apžvalginiame straipsnyje aptariami šios patologijos rizikos faktoriai, patogenezė, diagnostika, gydymas, prognozė bei profilaktika. Preeclampsia is a multisystem disorder after the 20th week of gestation, that is usually associated with raised blood pressure, proteinuria, and pathologic edema. Eclampsia is defined as the occurrence of conculsions in association with the syndrome of preeclampsia. In Europe and other developed countries eclampsia complicates approximately 1 in 2,000 deliveries, while in developing countres estimates vary between 1 in 100 to 1 in 1,700. 44% of seizures occur postnatally, the remainder being antepartum (38%) or intrapartum (18%). Although rare, eclampsia probably accounts for 50,000 maternal deaths a year world-wide. In this review article we discussed conditions, which are associated with a higher incidence of preeclampsia, pathophysiology, findings at physical examination, principles of treatment (blood pressure control, anticonvulsant therapy, and fluid management), post-partum management, complications, maternal morbility and mortality, as well as prevention.