Nenortienė, Palma

Aminorūgštys yra svarbios žmogaus organizmui, nes dalyvauja polipeptidų ir baltymų apykaitoje. Smulkiažiedė galinsoga (Galinsoga parviflora L.) sukaupia daug įvairių aminorūgščių, ši žolė nenuodinga ir kai kuriose šalyse vartojama maistui. Šio tyrimo tikslas – ištirti kokybinę ir kiekybinę aminorūgščių sudėtį smulkiažiedės galinsogos (Galinsoga parviflora L.) žolėje: parinkti tinkamiausias aminorūgščių ekstrahavimo iš smulkiažiedės galinsogos žolės sąlygas, taikyti dujų chromatografijos metodą aminorūgštims nustatyti.

Introduction: Pomegranate (Punica granatum L.) fruit is known for its high nutritional value and contains various health-promoting phytochemicals. Among these, hydrolysable tannins (e.g., punicalagin) and phenolic acids (e.g., ellagic acid) have been found to exhibit potent antioxidant activity. This study aimed to analyse the ellagic acid content and antioxidant activity of different parts of the pomegranate fruit, including the peel, pulp, and juice. Samples of pomegranate fruit were obtained from a local supermarket. Aim: To evaluate the ellagic acid content and antioxidant activity of different pomegranate fruit parts. Methods: Antioxidant activity was evaluated using the ABTS assay, while high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was employed for qualitative analysis of ellagic acid content. Results: The juice sample was found to contain the highest amount of ellagic acid (0.759 ± 0.001 mg/g), followed by the peel sample (0.250 ± 0.004 mg/g), and the fruit pulp had the least amount (0.019 ± 0.0006 mg/g). The antioxidant activity of the pomegranate fruit varied from 405.46 ± 2.55 TEAC µmol/g (pulp sample) to 1296.67 TEAC µmol/g (juice sample). Conclusions: The results show that the intensity of antioxidant capacity is closely related to the content of ellagic acid in different parts of the fruit.

Background: berries are relatively widely studied raw materials of plant origin due to the large amount of biologically active compounds accumulated in them, which are especially abundant in colored berries. Most of these compounds are found in the fruits of plants belonging to the Rosaceae and Ericaceae families - strawberries, raspberries, blackberries, blueberries, cranberries. Most of the accumulated substances consist of phenolic compounds, which have a strong antioxidant effect, due to which the berries have a positive effect on the human body and are used for the prevention and treatment of chronic and infectious diseases [1, 2]. Aims: to investigate the qualitative and quantitative composition of phenolic compounds of Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait. berries grown in Lithuania. To determine the quantitative composition of phenolic compounds of different American cranberry cultivars grown in Lithuania by spectrophotometric method. To determine and compare the phenolic compounds of 'Pilgrim' cranberry cultivars grown in different parts of Lithuania by spectrophotometric method. To determine the qualitative and quantitative composition of anthocyanins of different American cranberry cultivars by high performance liquid chromatography method. Results: samples of 'Bergman', 'Black Veil', 'Pilgrim', 'Holliston', 'Searles', 'Franklin', 'Stevens', 'Ben Lear' berries of Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait. grown in Lithuanian climatic conditions were studied. The total amount of phenolic compounds, anthocyanins and proanthocyanidins in vitro were evaluated by spectrophotometric analysis. The qualitative and quantitative composition of anthocyanins was determined by high performance liquid chromatography. Conclusions: the highest total content of phenolic compounds and anthocyanins was found in 'Holliston', and proanthocyanidins in 'Bergman' cultivars. The highest total amount of phenolic compounds was found in 'Pilgrim' berries harvested in Vilnius, anthocyanins – in Salantai and proanthocyanidins – in VMU Kaunas Botanical Garden. Four anthocyanins were qualitatively determined in berries by high performance liquid chromatography: cyanidin-3-O-galactoside, cyanidin-3-O-arabinoside, peonidine-3-O-galactoside, peonidine-3-O-arabinoside. The compound peonidin-3-O-galactoside was mainly detected.

Our research aim was to investigate quantitative composition of terpene lactones in G. biloba leaf samples cultivated in the Nordic Baltic region (Lithuania) and present recommendations to industry on rational planning of the collection of plant material rich in terpene lactones. The data of our study showed that the location of the tree and the time of harvest have significant effect (p < 0.05) on the amount of terpene lactones. Studies have shown that the age of the plant affects the amount of the accumulated terpene lactones in Ginkgo biloba leaves, and thus it is important to determine the optimal age of the plantation trees for the harvesting of raw material. A tendency was found that the amount of terpene lactones in Ginkgo biloba leaf samples decrease with the increasing age of the plant. To ensure the optimal collection of raw material, it is recommended to place the G. biloba plantations in northern (to collect the highest amount of ginkgolide A, B, C) and western (to collect the highest amount of bilobalide) phyto-regions. Due to the maximum concentration of ginkgolide C, A, B and bilobalide in samples, October is recommended as appropriate times to collect G. biloba leaves for the industry.

Tikslinga atlikti augalinių aliejų sudėties tyrimus siekiant išsiaiškinti kokybiškų produktų modelį. Šio tyrimo tikslas buvo įvertinti riebalų rūgščių sudėtį naudojant dujų chromatografiją (DC) ir antioksidacinį aktyvumą, taip pat DPPH ir ABTS spektrofotometrinius metodus. Analizei pasirinkti ricinos, saulėgrąžų, sezamo, kanapių, juodųjų ridikų sėklų ir alyvuogių aliejai. Nustatytos skirtingos riebalų rūgščių klasės: polinesočiosios, mononesočiosios ir sočiosios; omega-3, omega-6 ir omega- 9 rūgštys bei atskiros riebalų rūgštys. Tyrimo rezultatai parodė, kad visuose aliejuose dominavo oleino ir linolo riebalų rūgštys. Geriausias omega-6 ir omega-3 rūgščių santykis nustatytas pluoštinių kanapių sėklų aliejuje – 3 : 1. Visi analizuoti augaliniai aliejai pasižymėjo dideliu antioksidaciniu aktyvumu.

Introduction: Turmeric, black pepper and chili peppers are long and widely used spices they have great health benefits [1]. The active ingredients of these spices are the alkaloids curcumin, capsaicin and piperine. They have antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, analgesic and other pharmacological effects therefore they are also used for treatment [2,3,4,5,6]. These spices are often exposed to temperature, but many substances are known to decompose under the influence of high temperatures. The aim of investigation was to evaluate quantitative changes of piperine, capsaicin and curcumin in domestic cooking at 100 ºC for 10, 20, 30, 40 minutes. Materials and methods: The study was performed using samples of black pepper, chilli pepper and tumeric spice powder aquired at local super market. The extraction of spice principles was carried out using ultrasonic assisted extraction. The extracts were centrifuged and filtered through 0.45μm filter. Heating bath used for heating spice extracts. PDA detector and ACE C18 analytical column were used. Analytical detection at 340 nm (for piperine), 420 nm (for curcumin) and 280 nm (for capsaicin) was performed with Waters 996 photodiode array detector. Mobile phase consisted of acetonitrile and 0.05% trifluoroacetic acid in water, elution was gradient. Results: The determined amount of extracted spice principles were: piperine – 3.202 mg/g (± 0.046 mg/g), capsaicine 1.708 mg/g (± 0.030 mg/g), curcumine 6.960 mg/g (± 0.046 mg/g). Conclusions: Simulated domestic cooking of extracts at 100ºC showed a significant concentration loss of piperine at first 10 minutes of cooking (24.2 % ±0.8 %), capsaicine reacted to heat as piperine, its biggest loss of concentration was registered at 10 minutes reaching (15.2 % ±1.2 %). Tumeric extract showed constant loss of curcumine measured at approximately 10.7 % from first 10 minutes of heat treatment through 30 minutes of heating, totalin[...].

Introduction The fly agaric well known as Amanita muscaria L. Ibotenic acid and muscimol are substances which mostly participate in psychotropic properties [1]. First symptoms of fly agaric intoxication apparent within 15 – 30 minutes after ingestion. Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, vasodilation, sweating and salivation are the first signs of muscarinic poisoning [2]. A reliable analitycal method was developed for the identification of muscimol (MUS) and ibotenic acid (IBO). Materials and Methods Decarboxylation method was applied to convert ibotenic acid into muscimol [3]. The powder of lyophilizate herbal material (0.2g) were weighed onto aluminum plate and placed on the CAMAG TLC plate heater III for 1 hour. Temperature modes were selected 75C, 95C and 110C. After decarboxylation herbal substance was replaced into a 10 ml volumetric flask and extracted with 70% methanol (5ml) in an ultrasonic bath at room temperature for 10 min, with periodic shaking of solution. After 24 hours extract was centrifugated (4000 rpm) for 5min. We used high-performance thin-layer chromatography method (HPTLC) for qualitative and quantitative analysis of muscimol. Injection of muscimol standard solution was 5 μl and 10 μl for test solution. Chromatographic plates (HPTLC Silica gel 60 F254, 10x10 cm) coated with silica gel was used with 1- butanol:96% ethanol:acetic acid:water (75:25:5:7:5) as mobile phase, migration distance was over path 70 mm. The detection was performed after sprayed with a solution of ninhydrin, then plate was heated at 100C and examined with using CAMAG TLC Visualizer 2 in daylight. The obtained chromatograms of samples by the main spot correspond to the typical reference solution chromatogram with RF = 0.25. Calibration curve was done for quantitative determination. We counted of muscimol amount for determination of the most suitable temperature for decarboxylation. Results and discussion Three samples with different temperatures of heating w

The increasing drug consumption in Lithuania and all over the world makes us think about the negative consequences - the risk of toxicity. Fast and accurate identification of material that caused the poisoning reduces the probability in death cases and makes easier to determine the main cause of death. The results have shown that the most appropriate systems of solvents for qualitative analysis by TLC method of the mixture consisting of alprazolam, codeine and paracetamol are: system ìDî (trichloromethane : acetone : conc. ammonia = 55 : 40 : 5 (v/v/v)) and system ìFî (trichloromethane : diethyl ether : isobutanol : conc. ammonia = 50 : 30 : 15 : 5 (v/v/v/v)). For qualitative analysis of the mixture consisting of alprazolam, codeine and paracetamol by HPLC method the chromatographic column ACE C18 (25 cm ◊ 4.6 mm ◊ 5 μm), gradient elution mode (mixture of 3% acetic acid and methanol and the flow rate 1 mL/min have been used . The injection volume was 10 μL. Photodiode array detector (210 ñ 240 nm range) has been used. UV absorption spectra of materials measured using photodiode array detector have been identical to those presented in the scientific literature.

Sparčiai vystantis mokslui, cheminės analizės aktualumas išlieka ir iki šių dienų. Taikant naujus sudėtingus analizės metodus, pirmiausia reikia fundamentalių žinių apie cheminių medžiagų identifikavimo, struktūros bei kiekybinnio nustatymo metodus. Šios žinios įgyjamos daugelyje mokslo sričių, taip pat ir farmacijoje bei medicinoje. Cheminė analizė – tai mokslinės analizės pagrindas, kuris suteikia žinių apie medžiagų kokybinę ir kiekybinę sudėtį. Įgytos žinios leidžia savarankiškai atlikti medžiagų tapatybės analizę duotai medžiagai ir medžiagų mišiniui, parinkti efektyviausią analizės metodą, aprašyti analizės eigą ir gautus rezultatus, tinkamai pateikti išvadas apie medžiagos tapatybę. Mokomoji knyga skirta supažindinti studentus su analitinėmis medžiagų savybėmis, identifikavimo metodais, cheminės analizės atlikimo technika, pagrindinėmis analizės operacijomis, išmokyti chemiškai mąstyti bei teorines žinais taikyti praktikoje.

Atliekant toksikologinę analizę, tikslinga naudoti tokią analitinę sistemą, kuri galėtų greitai ir tiksliai identifikuoti kelis vaistinius preparatus vienu metu. Šio darbo tikslas buvo sukurti ir validuoti plonasluoksnės chromatografijos metodiką, tinkamą išskirstyti antidepresantų mišinio (amitriptilino hidrochloridas, paroksetino hidrochloridas, sertralino hidrochloridas, fluvoksamino maleatas ir bušpirono hidrochloridas) komponentus ir juos identifikuoti. Sistema validuota įvertinant jautrumą, duomenų pasikartojamumą, atsparumą sąlygų pasikeitimui bei specifiškumą. Tyrimo metu sukurtos tirpiklių sistemos, kurios gerai atskiria mišinio komponentus – acetonitrilas, metanolis, 25 proc. vandeninis amoniako tirpalas (85:10:5); acetonitrilas, metanolis, 25 proc. vandeninis amoniako tirpalas (75:20:5); dichlormetanas, 1,4-dioksanas, 25 proc. vandeninis amoniako tirpalas (50:45:5); dichlormetanas, 1,4-dioksanas, 25 proc. vandeninis amoniako tirpalas (42:55:3); trichlormetanas, 1,4-dioksanas, 25 proc. vandeninis amoniako tirpalas (25:70:5); trichlormetanas, 1,4 dioksanas, 25 proc. vandeninis amoniako tirpalas (60:36:4). Nustatyta tinkamiausia tiriamų junginių (sertralino, amitriptilino, paroksetino, bušpirono ir fluvoksamino) mišinio skirstymo tirpiklių sistema – acetonitrilas, metanolis, 25 proc. vandeninis amoniako tirpalas (85:10:5). Naudojant šią tirpiklių sistemą, tiriamų junginių Rf vidutinės vertės skiriasi labiausiai. Atlikta jos validacija ir nustatyta, kad tiriamų junginių vidutinės Rf vertės pakartojamumo santykinis standartinis nuokrypis (SSN, proc.) svyravo nuo 0,6 iki 1,8 proc. ir neviršijo leistinos 5 proc. paklaidos. Metodikos jautrumas nustatytas vertinant mišinio dėmių intensyvumą ant chromatografinės plokštelės. Bušpirono aptikimo riba – 0,0012 μg, sertralino – 0,0008 μg, amitriptilino – 0,0004 μg, fluvoksamino – 0,0004 μg, paroksetino [...].